Group Dynamics in 12 Angry Men Essay -- Movie, Film, Twelve Angry Men

In the 1957 classic 12 infuriated Men, group dynamics be portrayed through a control board deliberation. Group dynamics is concerned with the structure and functioning of groups as well as the different types of roles each character plays. In the film, twelve men are brought unneurotic in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. The personality conflicts, the joint effort and the functioning of several minds together to search for the truth are just a few characteristics of group dynamics at work. The whole spectrum of humanity is represented in this movie, from the bigotry of jurywoman No.10 to the coldly analytical No.4. Whether they brought good or bad qualities to the jury room, they all affected the outcome. At the outset, el regular(a) jurors vote in favor of convicting the accused without even discussing a single shred of the evidence presented at the trial. When a group becomes too confident and fails to think realistically about its task, groupthin k can occur. Since it takes a perennial time to communicate and reach a consensus in a group, decision making in a group is time-consuming. Therefore, when groups want to achieve a promptly decision, as several jurors were eager to do, they make riskier decisions than individuals. Since not any individual is completely accountable for the decision, members will have a tendency to accept much extreme solutions. Only one brave juror refused to vote guilty. Juror 8 refused to fall into the groupthink trap and ultimately saved an innocent mans life. He openly admits that he does not know whether the accused is guilty or innocent and that he finds it necessary to simply talk about the case. What follows is not only a discussion of the particular facts of the case, but also an intense ex... ...quires looking at matters objectively, analyzing the evidence, and coming to a fair conclusion. And even if the jurors personal baggage was not look into at the door, the shift into positive gr oup dynamics allowed the jury members to overcome interpersonal conflicts and prejudices to reach consensus on the innocence of an alleged murderer. Bibliography 1. Kolb, David A., and Joyce S. Osland and Irwin Mr. Rubin. Organizational Behavior An existential Approach. 6th edition. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1995 Pages 98-100 2. Sarah Trenholm. Thinking Through Communication An Introduction To The Study Of Human Communication. 2nd edition. Allyn and Bacon A Viacom Company, 1995 Pages 196 - 205 3. Damian Cannon, a review by. 12 Angry Men (1957) Copyright Movie Reviews UK 1997 4. Steve Rhodes, a review by. 12 Angry Men (1957) Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes

Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas Essay -- Film Movie Movies Films Las Ve

Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas The story begins abruptly, as we find our mock heroes out in the recant en travel guidebook to the savvy resort of Las Vegas. The author uses a tense hitchhiker as a mode, or an excuse, for a flashback that exposes the plot. An uncertain character picked up in the middle of the desert who Raoul Duke, the main character, feels the need to explain things to, to help him rest easy. They had two bags of grass, seventy-five pellets of mescaline, five sheets of high-powered blotter acid, a salt shaker half-full of cocaine, and a totally galaxy of multicolored uppers, downers, screamers, laughers....Also a quart of tequila, a quart of rum, a case of Budweiser, a pint of raw either, and two dozen amyls. They were on fitting from a fashionable sporting magazine in New York, to cover the 4th Annual Mint 400 dirt bike and dune sappy race. A savage journey to the heart of the American dream.Before one can review the motion picture Fear and Loathing in Las Vega s, he must first research the full length novel of the same name. The book first appeared in 1971 in issues 95 and 96 of Rolling Stone magazine, published November 11th and 25th respectively. Although the two part series stated its author was someone called Raoul Duke, the story was copyrighted in 1971 by Hunter S. Thompson. Raoul Duke is actually the paradoxical name under which Hunter Thompson portrays himself as main character and narrator.The film was produced in the early goings of summer in 199...

Colonial South Carolina Report Essay -- American America History

Colonial southeastward Carolina Report George the Second, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, King, Defender of the Faith, I pull through to thee from the heart of South Carolina, Charleston to impart my knowledge of the land. My travels have been long and arduous. I arrived by way of a freight ship bearing finished goods for the colony on the twenty-eighth day of March, in the twenty-third year of thy reign. All that province, territory, or tract of ground, called South Carolina, lying and being within our dominions of the States is well. The environmental conditions of South Carolina differ dramatically to that of England. The days are long, hot, humid, and at times damp. The people of the colony deserve admiration for dealing with such reproving weather. Occasionally, storms stemming from the Atlantic Ocean wreak havoc on the villages, up convoluteing the soil and damaging the trees, but the majority of the days are bright with sunshine. During the spring and summer there is a combination of rain and scorching heat, whereas during the fall and winter it sometimes snows in the northern section of South Carolina, but throughout the rest of the region the climate remains moderately cool. The land is undulating and layered with an abundance of forestry. Yet, the terrain does not consist entirely of woodlands and smooth hills. The land is far from perfect. A large fate of the territory is made up of marshlands. The ground is somewhat blemished by the scattered swamplands. These quagmires are abode with vicious alligators and infested with countless mosquitoes. These bloodsucking mosquitoes in turn spread malaria amongst the populace. Despite the threat of malaria and fierce alligators, the economy thrives from the environment. South C... ...no loyalty to the Crown now, in future conflicts, the colonists may turn against us and become our enemy. infrastructure action must be taken in order to regulate their behavior. They must recognize the royal autho rity. The beneficial aspects of South Carolina outweigh the detrimental aspects. South Carolina is a powerful asset. The economy is strong and provides a priceless resource of indigo and rice. Our woolen industry would not be able to cope without the dyestuff from the indigo. The colony produces an abundance of rice. The colony is also strategically located, to stop the Spanish from expanding north. Although there is a political predicament, it is not beyond thy Majesty to resolve it. By and large, the colony is a worthy investment and should receive immediate financial backing accompanied by British officials to reinforce the policies and taxes of thy Divine Grace.

Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Coma Essay -- Diabetes Health Ess

Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic ComaDiabetes is any disorder of the metabolism which causes excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of urine. A coma is a state of unrousable unconsciousness. (Martin (2002)) There are twain types of diabetes Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a rare metabolic disorder, the symptoms of which are the production of large quantities of dilute urine and an increase thirst. It is caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH / vasopressin) which regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. (Martin (2002)) Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has symptoms of polyuria, wasting and glycosuria (mellitus means sweet urine) as well as the following(a) tests to give a laboratory diagnosis of DM Venous plasma glucose 11.1 mmol / L or Fasting venous plasma glucose 7.0 mmol / L or plasma venous glucose concentration 11.1 mmol / L two hours after taking 75 g glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). There are two types of DM insul in dependent DM (IDDM or type 1) and non-insulin dependent DM (NIDDM or type 2) Type 1 is caused by the destruction of pancreatic b cell destruction, which can be predicted by the detection of the presence of antibodies (Abs) to islet cells, (Pitteloud, Philippe (2000)) insulin and glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GAD) (a neurotransmitter) and a decrease in b cell insulin secretion. This destruction causes a decrease in insulin production, the hormone which stimulates glucose to be stored in the muscle and liver as glycogen. Type 1 causes an abrupt onset of severe symptoms, including a trend to ketosis and a dependence on exogenous insulin. Type 2 is caused by a diet high in saturated fats, a overleap of exercise and obesity. This is because the constantly high glucose levels cause insulin to be produced at constantly high levels, and so the body becomes desensitized to its effect as cells in target tissues posses few insulin receptors. Characteristics of NIDDM are that insulin is pr esent, symptoms are moderate (tiredness and thirst), there is no tendency to ketosis and patients are not dependent on exogenous insulin. High fall glucose is controlled by diet, possibly with diabetic drugs. Complications of DM are Cataract, as excessive blood glucose binds to lens proteins. Retinopathy (micro-angiopathy) caused by hemorrhage, etc.. ... ...ether the cause is glucose concentrations being too high or too low. Many causes of diabetic coma can be treated easily with hormones and fluids. References EMANCIPATOR K (1999) Laboratory diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus, American diary of Pathology, 112(5) PP665-674 EVERS IM, TER BRAAK EW, DE VALK HW, VAN DER SCHOOT B, JANSSEN N, VISSER GH (2002) Risk indicators Predictive For Severe Hypoglycemia During The First Trimester of Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancy, Diabetes Care, 25 (3) Pp554-559 Previous course notes, BIOM2003 MARTIN ELIZABETH A (2002) Concise medical exam DictionarySixth Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Pp148, 190-191, 374, 665-666, 717 MAYNE Philip D. (2001) Clinical Chemistry Sixth Edition, London, Arnold, Pp209-210 MOHSENI S (2001) Hypoglycemic Neuropathy, Acta Neuropathology, 102 (5) Pp 413-421 PITTELOUD N, PHILIPPE J (2000) Characteristics of Caucasian Type 2 Diabetic Patients During Ketoacidosis and Follow-up, Schweiz Med Wochenschr , 130, Pp576 - 582 TORTORA Gerard J, GRABOWSKI Sandra Reynolds (2000) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Ninth Edition, New York, joke Wiley & Sons Ltd., Pp 41, 964, 966, c-0, c-1

African American History: Heritage, not Hate :: American America History

African American History Heritage, not HateWhen exploring African-American history, the most important things to focus on are that because of the times, black people were enslaved and treated poorly. They endured it all and worked hard to rise above the boundaries of thralldom and prejudice. However, the most fearful aspect of African-American history is that its heritage its history and its over.Jane Minor was born as Gensey Snow around the late 1700s or early 1800s. She was born into slavery and freed around 1825 when she changed her name. During her slavery, she faced the hardships of being a black female slave in the 1800s. Despite that, she earned a living after her emancipation by caring for the sick. With what money she had, she bought the freedoms of other women and children. She was an admirable woman.Sally Hemmings was born in 1773 as a slave of Thomas Jefferson. However, historians found that she was much more than that. Later, it was observed that she bore one of Jeffe rsons children. This perhaps could have been the reason she was given special treatment and was allowed to go to Paris with Mary Jefferson. Although, it has not been proven so. Sallys accomplishments included encyclopaedism French and playing the harpsichord. Her freedom came in 1826 when Jefferson died.Nat Turner was born on October 2, 1800 in Southampton County, VA to enslaved parents. He ran away from his master at 21 years former(a) for religious reasons. Then, he traveled as a minister and spoke to slaves. On August 22, 1831, he killed his owners. He and a band of other slaves went on killing whites, and he was captured in 1831. There, he was hung and skinned.As anyone can see, the preceding people faced suffering at the hands of others. Slavery was wrong. Yet, each somebody persevered and won his or her own battles one way or another. It took years and a lot of work. Being a part of history, it should be respected as just so.

African American History: Heritage, not Hate :: American America History

African American History Heritage, not HateWhen exploring African-American tale, the most important things to focus on atomic number 18 that because of the times, minacious people were enslaved and treated poorly. They endured it all and worked hard to rise above the boundaries of slavery and prejudice. However, the most portentous aspect of African-American history is that its heritage its history and its over.Jane Minor was born as Gensey Snow around the late 1700s or early 1800s. She was born into slavery and freed around 1825 when she changed her name. During her slavery, she faced the hardships of being a black female slave in the 1800s. Despite that, she earned a living after her emancipation by caring for the sick. With what money she had, she bought the freedoms of other women and children. She was an admirable woman. fracture Hemmings was born in 1773 as a slave of Thomas Jefferson. However, historians found that she was much more than that. Later, it was discovered that she bore one of Jeffersons children. This perhaps could have been the rationalness she was given special treatment and was allowed to go to Paris with Mary Jefferson. Although, it has not been proven so. Sallys accomplishments included learning French and playing the harpsichord. Her freedom came in 1826 when Jefferson died.Nat food turner was born on October 2, 1800 in Southampton County, VA to enslaved parents. He ran a bureau from his master at 21 years old for religious reasons. Then, he traveled as a minister and spoke to slaves. On August 22, 1831, he killed his owners. He and a band of other slaves went on killing whites, and he was captured in 1831. There, he was hung and skinned.As anyone can see, the preceding people faced suffering at the hands of others. Slavery was wrong. Yet, each person persevered and won his or her own battles one way or another. It took years and a lot of work. Being a part of history, it should be respected as just so.

Baltimore Museum of Art: Photography of the 1960’s

The exhibit we went to see was a gallery walk. It was an exhibit of pictures and the artists who produced the photos, and the meat of the photos. We enjoyed it because it was positionly interesting how the 1960s was portrayed through photography. It showed not only sporting Americans besides African-Americans making it easily relatable. It showed hard times, fun times and how they made the hard times fun times. The strengths in the exhibit were the realistic ideas. These were some of the early photographs in history they werent dependable paintings or portrayal of the good life in these times.You always read about history and what happened in what times, but these photos in this exhibit showed it firsthand. A lot of the photos were open for interpretation. When you first walk into the exhibit a particular set of photos catch your eye. The photographer was Carrie Mae Weems, and the photos were entitled From present I Saw What Happened and I Cried along with House/Field/Yard/Kit chen. The photos were red and appeared to be African American slaves. Each had a word on top of it house, field, yard or kitchen and on each side of the sets of photos appears to be an African woman with the text I Cried.Weems wanted it to be interpreted as the racial oppression and suffering. She also wanted it to be reinterpreted by the generations. We saw it as how far African-Americans had come along while others in the past may have seen it as sad and dreary because of everything African-Americans went through to get where they are now. A weakness of the exhibit, in our opinions which can be debated was the experimentation with photography. Although it may count interesting to a few, a stabbed up, burned up paper did not exactly fit in with the ideas of the other photos.Photographer Marco Breur in his photo Shot (C-917) apply glue guns, blow torches and razor blades to photosensitive paper. It was a unique work of art and as he aimed cannot be reproduced but took away from th e actual meaning of the photography in this exhibit which was to emphasize the times and living in the 1960s. This exhibit can relate a lot to what we have recently been education in class. It can also relate to past readings. This photography shows things from slavery all the way out to liberalism. in that respect were also a lot of photos discloseing gender roles. There is a photo of a house with legs and high heels. It was entitled, The Walking House. This photo can be interpreted many ways. The photographer Laurie Simmons was trying to display that women in this time were inseparable to their domestic roles at home. Even though this exhibit was entitled, Photography of the 1960s a lot of the photos displayed the changing of generations. It went from slavery up until the 1970s. It was a very interesting exhibit.We observed all the people who were around us. It wasnt only field trips of academics people actually came to the museum just to see this particular exhibit. We would re commend it to others but only this exhibit. Although it wasnt required after we viewed this exhibit we explored the rest of the museum and it was boring. It was all statues and artifacts from different countries. This particular exhibit explored American History. It wasnt just textbook reading and lectures, we got to view it and interpret it as if we were there.

Define the following types of abuse: Physical abuse Essay

Hitting, slapping, pushing or kicking, forcing people to eat or take medication, leaving people to baffle in urine or faeces.1.1b specialize the come withing types of debauch Sexual handleUnwanted advances, indecent exposure or harassment, rough wash or touching of the genital bea, rape, existence forced to watch or participate in sexual acts. 1.1c Define the following types of step Emotional/psychological abuse Intimidation, not being included, being ignored, threats, bullying, humiliating and blaming. These include discrimination that concerns to age, race, gender, sexuality, culture, religion etc. 1.1d Define the following types of abuse Financial abuseUsing an singulars money without their permission or on items they have not requested, not giving correct change, taking store card points, taking the cease item of buy one get one free. Not giving individuals enough money for food and essential items. 1.1e Define the following types of abuse Institutional abuse Poor care to people in group environments, for example, in a residential care home or in a day centre. Food choices not provided for individuals with different dietary ineluctably or requirements. The individuals room and clothing not being kept clean. 1.1f Define the following types of abuse Self run outIndividual not eating, washing, dressing properly. Not looking after themselves. 1.1g Define the following types of abuse Neglect by others Inadequate care or denial of an individuals basic rights. 1.2 . Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse. These are the main types of abuse with almost examples of signs and symptomsPhysical Unexplained bruises, scratches, cuts, fractures, broken bones, broken teeth. Sexual Bruises nigh genital expanse. Individual becomes particular about washing genital area or absent to hide themselves. Emotional / psychological Abnormal behaviour or moods. Talking a lot and very fast or being unusually quiet. coming into court afraid or worried. Being concerned that care and support whitethorn not continue Financial Shortage of money, reluctance to pay for things, complaining about price increases, unusual interest or lack of interest in their personal finances. Institutional Individuals not eating properly, not dressing properly, not participating, staying in their rooms, not getting required attention and support, indispositions from residents or family members. Dirty rooms and communal areas. Health and galosh being ignored. Self-neglect Individual gaining or losing weight, looking sloppy or dishevelled. Not washing and smelling. Not caring about themselves. Medical issues not being interpreted care of. Lack of confidence and self-esteem.Lack of tender network, family and friends. Staying at home when they could get out and about. Neglect by others any of the above symptoms could be neglect or add to neglect by others if odd and not resolved. If you do not take action to report or reso lve a situation where you believe abuse is taking or has interpreted place, you could be accused of neglect yourself. 1.3 Describe factors that may contri alonee to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse. Some individuals are more vulnerable to defame or abuse than others. These are some of the reasons why Individuals with a sensory impairment, for example, poor or no hearing or sight that might lead to communication difficulties. Individuals may lack the capacity to understand what is happening or that it is wrong. Lack of capacity could be for a number of different reasons and could be coherent term or short term. Individuals may be severely disabled.Individuals may be physically or emotionally weak and rely on others for care. Individuals may have suffered brain injury and may not be able to communicate. Individuals may be unconscious. Individuals who do not have good support networks around them. Individuals being cared for at home who are reliant on another person for care and support.204 Cert.2 Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse.2.1 . rationalise the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abused.The actions to take constitute the employees responsibilities in responding to allegations or suspicions of abuse. Al government agencys follow policies and procedures and report to the appropriate person(s), account book the facts on appropriate paperwork, listen do not judge, stay calm and collected, and do not tamper with indicate.2.2 . Explain the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused.The key things you MUST do if an individual discloses abuse to you Assume the individual is telling the truth. Speak to them in a calm and sensitive way. Listen carefully and make sure you record what was said including date, time and place. Reassure the individual and tell them that you have to pass this information on. Always follow your policies and procedures.If the individual demands medical attention, call the emergency services or call a doctor as appropriate and inform your supervisor / manager immediately or another available senior person. If this is a criminal matter, for example, an alleged assault, rape or indecent exposure, you willing need to call the patrol and if in some(prenominal) doubt consult your policies and procedures or touching your supervisor / manager immediately or another available senior person.2.3 Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved. In most circumstances you may not need to do anything except record the events that have given cause for concern. The best way to preserve evidence is to report the matter as quickly as possible. When needed you should Make a written record of messages (e.g. answer-phone) to ensure they are not lost. Include the date and time and sign them Ensure written records (notes, letters, bank statements, medication records etc.) are kept in a safe place wearyt tidy up,wash clothes, bed ding or other items.Do not try to clear or tidy anything upTry not to touch anything unless you have to for the immediate wellbeing of the victim if you have to try to make a record of what you have done If any sexual criminal offense is suspected try to discourage the victim from washing, drinking, cleaning their teeth or going to the lav until the police are present Preserve anything used to quick or comfort the victim e.g. a blanket Try to ensure that no one else enters the premises or alleged scene of crime until the police arrive If you can, try and ensure that the alleged perpetrator does not have any contact with the victim Record any physical signs or injuries exploitation a body map (click here) or hand drawing. Write a description of any physical signs or injuries including size, shape, colour etc. Always find to sign and date your notes and any other records you have make204 Cert.3 Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from abuse. 3.1 Identify national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse.The Care Quality bursting charge (CQC) regulates care homes and inspects every care home it registers. The CQC also registers homecare or domiciliary care services. Any registered care provider must, by law, have a complaints procedure. Services have rules about the staff they employ and the standards of care they provide.Everybody working with vulnerable adults and children has to complete a criminal record check by the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). The DBS helps employers to make safer recruitment decisions and prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable groups, including children. It replaces the brutal Records Bureau (CRB) and Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA).The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS), implemented April 2009, provide a legal protection for those vulnerable people who are, or may become, divest of their liberty. Safeguards exist to provide a proper legal process and suitable protection in those circumstances where deprivation of liberty appears to be unavoidable, in a persons own best interests. These safeguards can apply to people who have a mental disorder and lack capacity to consent to the arrangements made for their care or treatment, but for whom receiving care or treatment in circumstances that amount to a deprivation of liberty may be needed to protect them from harm and appears to be in their best interests. 3.2 . Explain the mappings of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse.Care Quality Commission (CQC) They have a case to play in safeguarding. If you have followed policies and procedures and reported a situation of abuse and you are not getting reasonable feedback about what action is being taken and you do not believe your complaint has been acted upon, or you suspect that your supervisor / manager is involved, and there is no-one else internally in your or ganisation you can prattle to, you should contact CQC.Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) The DBS helps employers to make safer recruitment decisions and prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable groups, including children. It replaces the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA). The DBS are responsible forProcessing requests for criminal records checksDeciding whether it is appropriate for a person to be placed on or removed from a barred list. Placing or removing people from the DBS childrens barred list and adults barred list for England, Wales and Northern Ireland3.3 Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse. In cases where suspected abuse or neglect has resulted in death, or abuse or neglect is known or suspected to be a factor in the death (including death by suspected suicide), or for cases of serious and significant harm, a Serious Case Review (SCR) will be undertaken 3.4 Identify sources of in formation and advice about own image in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse.Sources of information and advice includeCare Home managerCare PlansMandatory TrainingDeprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS)Quality care Commission (CQC)Citizens advice BureauSocial ServicesHealth ServicesPoliceSolicitor204 Cert.4 Understand ways to reduce the likelihood of abuse.4.1a Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by working with person centred valuesThis ensures a carer can1. Define care values and explain the principles of care2. Explain the immenseness of rights, privacy, respect and dignity in ensuring choice and independence 3. Explain the principles of delivery for a person centred approach to care delivery 4. Know how to use a care plan to help in delivering person centred care 5. Explain the responsibilities of the organisation and care worker in care delivery 6. Define the role of the care worker in establishing and maintaining effective work relationships 7. Explain how to utilise support and supervision to ensure effective practice 8. Explore ways to take aim the knowledge and skills required to promote continual development of the care worker 9. Promoting empowermentIn using person centred values you can manage lucks associated with soul centred approachesPrivacyDignityHistoryPreferencesWishesNeedsDetermining needsHow needs developNeglectLanguage preferencesCommunicationRelationshipsSignificant othersActivitiesNutritionDiet feeding problemsSupporting that developmentSupporting the individualChoiceCare valuesCare planningThe care (service) settingRoutinePossessionsSyndromesConditionsWorking safelyManaging hazardDealing with emergenciesVisitorsAbusePersonal careContinenceMedicationPainDying, deathSleepAgeingMental healthConfusionDementiaDisabilitiesMobilityPromoting independence4.1b Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by encouraging active participation Active participation is an approach that empowers individuals i n the activities and relationships of day-to-day life leading to them living as independently as possible. The immensity to the individual as an active partner in their own care or support is that it brings physical, psychological, relational and over all wellbeing benefits. The likelihood of abuse is decreased as the individual engages positively by actively participating is area of their life, such as in personal care, the scope for abuse by others is reduced. 4.1c Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by promoting choice and rights An meaning(a) feature of empowerment is to offer people genuine choice when it comes to the services and supports on offer.This issue was highlighted by SCIEs Service User advisory Group on Safeguarding Adults. Without choice and the ability to exercise choice, the potential for abuse can become greater and the opportunity to escape it become harder. 4.2 . Explain the importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse. Every employer should have a procedure in place for raising any concerns or a complaint about abuse so that it is a simple process and encourages people to raise their concerns, however small they might appear to be. Complaints are very important as they often lead to an improvement in the service(s) provided. The complaints procedure can usually be found in the Safeguarding Adults policy and procedures. You will also need to be aware of the contact details for your Local Authoritys Safeguarding team.204 Cert.5 Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices.5.1 . Describe unsafe practices that may disturb the well-being of individuals.Unsanitary conditions can spread infection as cross-contamination can occur and can affect the well-being of the individual and others. Improper hand washing can also pose a risk. Dirty kitchen surfaces and equipment can spread infections, not covering hair when cooking can pose a risk to individual as cannot reporting faulty equipment when working or not having cleaning materials can also be unsafe.In terms of health and safety not having risk assessments in place when a service user hurts themselves. Staff not checking when a service user is ill or aflicker(predicate) on their feet. Staff not recording in care plans about a service users wellbeing and health and not supervise them.Other unsafe practices which also amount to abuse can occur such as leaving a service user on the toilet too long, ignoring or not listening to them.Marks on body not taken seriously and complaints not taken seriously can disgorge them at more danger, harm and risk of abuse. 5.2 . Explain the actions to take if unsafe practices have been identified. If I identify unsafe practices then I must follow the whistle-blowing procedure and report to the appropriate person(s). I will report to my manager immediately or if it involves my manager then to another appropriate person(s). I will monitor all unsafe practices and make su re that I record and report in full all the evidence and then will talk to my manager because all unsafe practices are dangerous practices that could cause harm to the individual and others. For example, I talked to my manager last week about things being left(a) on the stairs that may cause service users and others to fall over and hurt themselves. She has talked to the staff and now this has stopped.5.3 . Describe the action to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practiceshave been reported but nothing has been done in response.If suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response or if it has to do with my manager then I will report to the next level or manager. If it has to do with my manager then I will report to management, then to the social worker and safeguarding team and to the care quality commission and even to the police depending on the response I get.

My First Day Essay Essay

My First DayAs of today, August 30th, I, Blah blah blah, took the green light to explore the entire campus. Today, the temperature could have possibly been right at about 93 degrees, and I decided to walk around this gigantic campus to waste succession before my next enlighten. During orientation week, I missed the campus tours because I was too busy sleeping my day away. So, what other way to compensate for lost period than to take my very own campus tour? Initially, I intended to look for the art buildings, but the best thing I discovered after my go today happened to be the fact that the art buildings were being reconstructed. Just my luck. However, I did find the Knight Physics building which happens to be absolutely gorgeous. I overly happened to stumble across the teachs arbortorium.I felt like I was walking through a jungle with my combat boots on and the leaves hovering higher up my head. I walked around in a circle and found my way to the tame of law. The school of law is literally like its own kingdom at heart the campus. The students had their own law shirts, and the windows of the classroom even had curtains to block the sun out. I know curtains are a pretty simplistic observation, but I could non help but to find that fascinating I have failed to sit in any classroom that had panels to block the sun. Only in the law school at the University of . As I walked away from the law school, I made my way towards the UC area and back around towards the Rat. deviation the vivacious students lounging with their friends, I hiked around the lake under the scorching sun wishing that I had a bottle of water, a hat, and maybe even some sun glasses. The heat was pretty unbearable.Passing between the Hecht and Stanford towers, I ventured towards the school of architecture. That is one white building. I expected it to be more lavish in its exterior design seeing that it is the school of architecture. I walked past the school of architecture and head back towards Mahoney-Pearson. I know that area pretty well. is my new home for now. As I left(a) the Mahoney-Pearson area, I circled around towards the UC area again and crossed the winding paths towards the Whitten Learning Center. There was approximately 10 minutes left to spare before class started, and the brightest idea that I came up with all day was to finally sit down

Book and Grade Level Essay

Tuesday Hats ON for education Wear your favorite hat to show your reading spirit. Wednesday Reading Takes You Places clip like a Tourist. Name that Book Trivia Every hour an excerpt from a volume will be read over the intercommunication system and word formrooms will have the opportunity to guess the book. Thursday Reading BRIGHTENS your World Dress in bright colors. Friday Wear your shades for SURFF day Silent, Uninterrupted Reading For Fun Each grade take aim will determine how they choose to participate in Literacy Week.Here are some suggestions of course your grade level team can come up with your own ideas * Decorate the outside of your door with your favorite book or literary reference works. The emphasis is on scholar participation and student decorated doors. * Book Talks. Students can write Book Talk reviews for books they are reading. * Character Museums. Students can create posters of a book character with face cut-outs. The student places their face in the op ening and holds the poster up to create a character museum.Visitors tour the museum and travel from character to character attainment about apiece book. * Book, Blankets and Bears Students bring their favorite blanket, and stuffed animal to read outside during the day. * Poem in your Pocket Students create a poem and recite them to each other throughout the day. * The Book Swap Students bring in a gently used book to swap with another student in their class or grade level. * Readers Theater.* Book Chain Students fill out a strip of paper with a title of each book they read during celebrate literacy week. * Bookmark decorating contest * Create a book jacket. Use paper bags to make a new book cover for a library book. Mrs. Ward will put them on display. * Story mobile to retell a favorite book. * Tri-oramas representing the beginning, middle and end of a story. * Character fig out up day. Dress up as your favorite book character. * Book Buddy collaborative activities.

Bsbmkg502b †establish and adjust the marketing mix Essay

Assessment Task 1 Work Based Knowledge Test1. What atomic number 18 the characteristics of the increases and/or services in your business? Ans. I am working in . We are transfering burgers as well as fries and soft drinks. except recently we start selling frozen coke and ice cream, which Mc d was selling and now we are making good m unrivalledy.2. How do these products and/or services relate to the market they are in, and to the immediate competitors? Ans. We have m either competitors in market but Mc d is our biggest competitors because they are selling same product what we are selling.3. How would you determine the effect of determine variables on demand? Ans. It is depend on main four factor place, charge, product and promotions.4. What promotional Methods and convey of distribution would you use to obtain the merchandise outcomes established in your business? Ans. At the movement we are using electronic media more than than paper media. Customers disregard use our ip hone app and they depart get nearlything free.5. get a line the channels of distribution that you would use to ensure greater market penetration? apologise how you would develop a price strategy for these products/services Ans. For greater market penetration, I shall not unless market through the advertisement I will excessively analyze service of process from merchandising agencies who can promote my business on a larger scale.6. Explain how you would develop a pricing strategy for these products/services If product is exchange at the lowest price regarding all my competitors, we practice competitive pricing. Sometimes, competitive pricing is essential. For instance, when the products are basically the same, we use this strategy The success of competitive pricing strategy depends on achieving high volume and low costs.If prices are lower than costs, we are going straight to bankruptcy To avoid such a mistake, we take notice of the break even ratio. -Cost-plus-profit It mea ns that add the profit need to cost. It is also called cost-orientated strategy and is mainly used by thebig contractor of human race works. The authority may have access to the costing data and should like to check if the profit added to the cost is not too high. In fact, this strategy is solitary(prenominal) good for a business whos the customers is public collectivities or government agencies.-Value pricing It means that base the prices on the value we deliver to customers. For example, when a new-made technology has a very large success, you can charge high prices to the customer. This practice is also called skimming. It is easy when you are in the introductory phase of the product life cycle. Value pricing is also common in luxury items. Sometimes, the higher the price, the more you sell.7. Identify and analyse the level of customer service that you would come relevant to the products/services associated with your business. Ans. First of all, personal presentation, althoug h not necessarily a key factor of customer service, is however critical.It is imperative that one is open and comely with the customers. It is therefore imperative that employees employed to promote the product are not paid on commission but rather at an hourly rate. This ensures more honesty and less pushiness, and less aggressive sales tactics.8. Describe your target market in terms of demographic, psychographic, and behavioural variables. Ans. Psychographic / Behavioral variables Psychographic variables refer to any attribute relating to personality, lifestyle, values, interests or attitudes. These factors consider various influences on a persons buying air. Different lifestyle choices like parenting, exercise decisions, religion, marriage or health can greatly affect a persons requirements or preferences for certain products or service.People have different lifestyle patterns and behavior could change as people pass through different stages in life. On the other hand, a consum ers opinions, interests or hobbies will have a huge impact on the products or services they will choose to buy. Demographic are the statistical characteristics of a population As the prices of our store products are comparable with other convenience stores, it is not a good idea to open a deli store in may lands. So from my propose of view it would begreat to open a store near to bays water as there is no shop near to that place9. Describe how each(prenominal) component of the marketing blend interrelates to the target market? Ans. Marketing mix is a mixture of 4 variables product, price, place and promotion. These variables make up the upshot marketing strategy as they help to define the marketing environment in which they operate. ProductFocusing on visualizeing the customers needs.A good product makes its marketing by itself because it gives benefits to the customer. Design, packaging and the safety and the green a friendly product to environment gets an advantage among som e segments. PriceThe price should not be above or below the price of other retailers, as this would not suit the needs of the target market.PromotionPromotion strategies will be condenseed to the target market segment. Given the importance of word-of-mouth/referrals among the areas resident. We shall strive to service all our customers to gain their business regularly, which is the recipe for our long-term success. We shall focus on direct resident marketing, publicity, trial food demonstrations, and advertising as proposed.PlaceChannels of distribution include Distributing Pamphlets Build up stalls in big mall or outside of it Adding advertisement on local newspaper or channels Use of social sites (internet as well)10. What environmental factors will affect the marketing mix in your business Ans. Environmental factors that can affect the marketing mix in any business include ethnic factors, technological factors, demographic factors,government factors and economic factors.11. How do customer priorities, needs, and preferences impact on your marketing mix components? Ans. The Target Market in which our store aims to sell to, is everyone The customers needs, priorities and preferences influence the marketing mix compentants such that price should not be more or less than the recommended retail price.Channels of distribution include stores such as word of mouth, Advertisement and also pamphlets and internet as well. Design what you consider is the most appropriate marketing mix to converge the target market and meets the marketing objectives? For appropriate marketing we need to consider four keys Product, promotion, price and place Product-It is a tangible good or an intangible service that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with a specific volume of units. Promotion represents all of the communication theory that a marketer may use in the marketplace. Promotion has four distinct elements advertising, public relations, personal selling and s ales promotion. Price The price is the heart a customer pays for the product. The business may increase or decrease the price of product if other stores have the same product. Place Represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel.It can include any physical store as well as realistic stores on the Internet 12. What do you consider is the most appropriate marketing mix to satisfy the target markets and meets the marketing objectives? Ans. Convenience stores are currently in the planning stage resources are limited. Currently we have received a $10000 grant from the government to get started. To ensure the marketing mix decisions meet the companys strategical and operational objectives, I shall ensure the scarce resources are allocated as follows Website Design $1500Web- hosting $45.00Other Web Costs $150.00Stock including some Samples $20000Business Cards $99Shop Leasing Start-up Costs (Rent and Bond) $115013. Explain h ow you would monitor the marketing mix against marketing performance and isolate components for testing. Ans. As the marketing mix is comprised of 4 components, that is, price, promotion, place and product, to isolate each of these components for testing, that is, to test each component and its marketing particular performance, one must do simply that isolate each component for testing.To isolate each component for testing, and monitor the marketing mix, for marketing performance, I should first establish or seek to research some benchmarks for sales. It would be easy to test the effectiveness of place, of product and of promotion, but to test price would be somewhat difficult if it were not for industry benchmarks that establish the sales benchmarks.14. How would you estimate the implication of altering one or more components of your marketing mix in relation to marketing factors and consumer response Ans. I evaluate that altering one or more component of the marketing mix in rela tion to factors or consumer response would be effective however, I do feel that totally the price component would need to be altered in response to consumers. I do feel that I have a solid marketing strategy.15. Describe the process you would use to adjust the components of the marketing mix in response to test results and evaluation of market response. Ans. The process I would use, to adjust the components of the marketing mix, in response to test results and in response to the market response is as follows I would adjust the price to below recommended retail price and only in such a way as to reach sales benchmarks of my competitors and meet the prices of my competitors, as after all the majority of the profit is donated to worthy causes.16. Explain how you would ensure that the adjusted marketing mix would meet budgetary requirements. Ans. If I were to adjust my price to meet the benchmarks and prices of my competitors I would like to assume there wouldalso be an increase in the number of sales. I am however aware this is merely an assumption.17. What procedures would you use to ensure that the adjusted marketing mix continue to meet organisational, strategic and operational marketing objectives, and desired positioning? Ans. Procedures I would you use to ensure the adjusted marketing mix continued to meet organisational, strategic and operational marketing objectives, and desired positioning include Adjusted price I would need to continuously monitor sales and profit benchmarks and speak to an controller in order to ensure that my business is still an effective profitable business.

How to Communicate Bad News Effectively Essay

Communication is the activity of transportation information through the deepen of thoughts, nitty-grittys, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. Communication requires a sender, a contentedness, and a recipient role, although the poser need not be present or advised of the senders intent to communicate at the term of intercourse thus communication batch emit across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating dampies shargon an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is free once the receiver has understood the communicate of the sender. Feedback is critical to effective communication between routineicipants. A headache prat flourish when all objectives of the government are achieved effectively. For efficiency in an organization, all the people of the organization essential be able to convey their message properly.Business communication is the process of establishing a common t akeing between or among people within a business environment. Business communication is any communication used to build partnerships, in rateectual resources, to promote an idea, a product, and service, with the objective of creating value for your business. Business communication involves constant fertilize of information. Business communication here plays a very important role in process of directing and controlling the people in the organization. There should be effective communication between superiors and subordinators in an organization, between organization and society at large it is essential for success and growth of an organization. Communication gaps should not occur in any organization. Business communication is goal oriented. The rules, regulations and policies of a company wear to be communicated to peoplewithin and outside the organization. Business communication is set by certain rules and norms. Effective communication jocks in building goodwill of an organizati on.Importance of business communication to managersBusiness managers should be able to communicate in enumerate style. -Communication promotes motivation by informing and clarifying the employees about the confinement to be done, the manner they are performing the task, and how to amend their performance if it is not up to mark. -Communication is a source of information to the organizational members for finis-making process as it dishs in identifying and assessing alternative course of actions. -Communication excessively plays a crucial role in fastening individuals attitudes, i.e. a well-informed individual will ware let on attitude than a less informed individual. -Communication also serves in socializing in forthwiths life the only presence of another individual fosters communication.The flow of communication in an organizationThe flow of communication in an organization can be in the form of Downward Communication flow of information from higher level in an organiza tion to a lower level in an organization. In other words, communication from a superior to subordinates in a chain of command is a downward communication. This communication flow is used by the managers to transmit work related information to the employees at lower levels. Employees require this information for performing their jobs and for meeting the expectations of their managers.Downward communication is used by managers for providing feedback on employees performance, giving job instructions, Communicating the organizations spendion and vision to the employees. Upward Communication flow of information from lower authority to higher authority. It provides feedback on how well the organization is functioning. The subordinates use upward communication to convey their problems and performances to their superiors. The subordinates also use upward communication to tell how well they have understood the downward communication. It can also be used by the employees to share their view s and ideas and to participate in the decision making process.Upwardcommunication leads to a more(prenominal) committed and loyal custody in an organization because the employees are stopn a chance to raise and speak dissatisfaction issues to the higher levels. The managers get to be about the employees feelings towards their jobs, peers, supervisors and organization in general. Managers can thus accordingly take actions for improved things. Horizontal Communication flow of information among peers within the same work unit. This is the communication between peers, between managers at same levels or between any horizontal equivalent organizational members. Cross-Channel Communication exchange of information among employees in different work units who are incomplete subordinates nor superior to one another.Negative /Bad messageBad message situations where there is either a feeling of no hope, a threat to a persons mental or physical well-being, a risk of upsetting an establish ed lifestyle, or where a message is given which conveys to an individual few choices in his or her life. Both of the downward and cross channel communication can be related to the concept of relating sturdy message to an employee.It can be said that how you communicate that deadly message will have a significant impact on your organization and its reputation.Bad message can be in any form, it can bei.Termination of appointmentii.Laying off employeesiii.Failure in an interviewiv.Dealing with bad performancev.Communicating a bad financial situationvi.Rejection of a proposal, among othersCommunicating bad message is the most difficult information to convey. To those it affects though, it is the most important communication of all. Delivering bad passwordworthiness can be the worst part of the job for any manager. Thats not because the truth, on its face, is difficult to convey. Its the anxiety of the possibility of handling it poorly and knowing that doing so can correct the impac t on your employees, their productivity, and your wholecompany.Any communication can be challenging flush when the parole being delivered is positive, but when delivered is ostracise is known as bad message. In business a letter, memo or email that conveys prohibit or unpleasant information- information that is apt(predicate) to disappoint, upset, or even fury a reader. Bad messages include rejections (in response to job applications, promotion call fors, and the like) negative evaluations, and resolutions of policy changes that dont benefit the reader.What constitutes bad messageBad message is a fact of life for all business professionals, from rejecting job applicants to downturn speaking invitations. Bad message means the reader or the person receiving the intelligence activity will not be able to accomplish his/her goals. Bad message directly can often be very damaging and unnecessarily hurtful.Goals of communicating bad messageGoals are distinctly needed a lot to acco mplish in one message. These are rough of the goals you can develop negative/bad messages that reduce the stress for everyone involved and improve the effectiveness of your communication efforts. There are two goals in communicating bad word we have the primary and secondary goal.Primary goalsi. Make the receiver understand the bad password.ii. Help the receiver accept the bad news.iii. Maintain a positive flick of you and your organization.Secondary goalsi. Reduce bad feelingsii. Convey fairnessiii. Eliminate future correspondenceiv. Avoid creating legal liability or responsibility for you or your organization. v. opt appropriate tone and organizationUsing the 3 writing processStep 1 Plan Your MessageWhen planning your message, you cant reduce the fact that your audience does not want to see to it what you have to say. To minimize the damage to business relationships and to encourage the acceptance of your message, analyze the situation carefully to mend understand the conte xt in which the recipient will process your message. Be sure to consider your purpose thoroughly whether its straightforward or of more complicated (such as creating a negative performance review, in which you not only give the employee feedback on past performance but also attention the person develop a plan to improve future performance.)Similarly, your receiver profile can be simple and obvious in some situations and far more complex in others (such as telling a business partner that youve decided to terminate the partnership.) With a clear purpose and your audiences needs in mind, identify and gather the information your audience will need in order to understand and accept your message.Bad messages can be intensely personal to the recipient, and in many cases recipients have a right to expect a thorough explanation of your answer. Selecting the right medium is critical when delivering bad messages.For example, you might badly damage a business relationship if you use percentag e mail to reject a long-time employees request for a promotion. Since the employee would for certain have some important questions to ask, and you would certainly want to soothe hurt feelings, a face-to-face meeting would be the best choice for this situation.Step 2 Write Your MessageWhen conveying a bad message to your colleague, every aspect of effective, diplomatic writing is amplified after all, the audience does not want to ascertain a bafd message and might disagree strongly with you. Be sure to maintain the you-attitude, and strive for polite lyric poem that emphasizesthe positive whenever appropriate.If your credibility hasnt already been established with an audience, lay out your qualifications for making the decision in question. Recipients of bad messages who dont think you are credible are more likely to challenge your decision. Thats why, for example, messages related to late payments are often signed by a higher executive. And as always, projecting and protecting yo ur companys image is a prime concern. If youre not careful, a negative answer could spin out of control into negative feelings about your company. When you use language that conveys respect and avoids an accusing tone, you protect your audiences pride.In addition, you can ease the sense of disappointment by using positive words rather than negative ones. Chances are youll spend more time on word, sentence, and paragraph choices for negative/bad messages than for any other type of business writing. People who receive bad message often look for subtle shares of meaning, seeking flaws in your reasoning or other ways to challenge the decision. By writing clearly and sensitively, you can take some of the sting out of the bad message and sensitively, you can take some of the sting out of bad news and help your reader to accept your decision and to move on.Step 3 Complete Your MessageYour need for carefully pay attention to detail continues as you complete your message. Revise your conten t to pay back sure everything is clear, complete, and concise bearing in mind that even small flaws are magnified as auditors react to your negative news. Produce clear, professional documents, and proofread carefully to eliminate mistakes. Finally, be especially sure that your negative messages are delivered promptly and successfully. Waiting for bad message is bad enough without wondering whether a message was lost.CHOOSING THE BEST APPROACHConveying bad message to a colleague is never a pleasant task but breaking it at the wrong time or in the wrong way can be the worse, so its importantto know the best plan of attackes to breaking bad news. When writing bad message, you will need to get the direct or indirect approach however, there are no clear guidelines to help you choose in every case. Ask yourself the following questions to guide your message i. Will the bad news come as a shock?ii. Does the recipient prefer short messages that get right to the point? iii. How importa nt is this news to the recipient?iv. Do you need to maintain a coterminous working relationship with the recipient? v. Do you need to get the recipients attention?vi. What is your organizations preferred style?vii. How much complete communication do you want?CHOOSING POSITIVE WORDSExamples of negative phrasings Positive alternativesYour request does not make any sense Please clarify your request Due to unforeseen circumstances I wont be able to attend your meeting Because my flight has been delayed I will miss for your meeting. Unfortunately we havent received your payment. Your payment hasnt arrived yet. The enclosed signature is wrong Please recheck the enclosed signature. APPROACHES TO DELIVERING BAD passThe direct approach and the indirect approachEffective bad news messages convey the negative information the receiver must receive with an eye toward keeping future business.Without even thinking about it, youve probably been using both the direct and indirect approaches to deliver bad news your wide-cut life. When you come right out and tell somebody some bad news, youre using a direct approach. When you try to demote the impact by easing your way into the conversation in the first place delivering the bad news, youre using an indirect approach. Chances are that youve already developed an instinctive feel for which approach to use in many situations.In conveying your message, you will need to make a similar choice wheneveryou deliver bad news however, there are no clear guidelines to help you choose in every case. Most bad news messages will be better accepted by our listeners if we use the indirect approach. The care we take to soften the tease will result in effective messages that consider the readers feelings and keeping their business.The direct approachWe use the direct message when the receiveri. Prefers bad news firstii. Is emotionally uninvolvediii. Will be unaffected by the bad newsThe Indirect Approach for bad MessagesThe indirect appro ach helps recipient prepare for the bad message by presenting the reasons for the bad message first. When done right, it doesnt obscure bad message, delay it, or limits your responsibility. Rather, the indirect approach eases the blow and help recipient accept the situation. 1. Open with a bufferA buffer expresses your appreciation for being thought of, assures the reader of your attention to the request, compliments the recipient, or indicates your understanding of the recipients needs. A buffer must not insult the audience with insincere flattery or self-promoting blather. Because it sets the stage for the bad news to follow, it must be both sincere and relevant so that readers dont feel they are being set up.The first step in using the indirect approach is to start with a buffer, a neutral, non-controversial statement that is closely related to the point of the message. A buffer establishes common ground with your listener moreover, if youre responding to a request, a buffer vali dates that request. Some critics believe that using a buffer is manipulative and unethical, even dishonest. However, buffers are unethical only if theyre insincere or deceptive. Showing consideration for the feelings of others is never dishonest.Here are several types of effective buffers you could use to tactfully open a bad message. viii. clasp (Thank you for applying for a change of duties). ix. Agreement (We both know how hard it is to make a profit in this industry). x. Cooperationxi. Understandingxii. PraiseHere are some other things to avoid when using a buffer to open a bad message xiii. Avoid saying no.xiv. Avoid using a know-it-all tone.xv. Avoid wordy and irrelevant phrases and sentences.xvi. Avoid apologizing.xvii. Avoid using a buffer that is too long2. Provide ReasonsBy giving your reasons effectively, you help maintain focus on the issues at hand and defuse the emotions that always accompany significantly bad news. As you lay out your reasons, guide your readers resp onses by starting with the most positive points first and moving forward to increasingly negative ones. Provide enough detail for the receiver to understand your reasons, but be concise a long, roundabout explanation will just make your audience impatient. Your reasons need to convince your receiver that your decision is justified, fair, and logical. 3. lodge with a Clear Statement of the Bad NewsFirst, de-emphasize the bad message Minimize the space or time devoted to the bad newswithout trivializing it or withholding any important information. Subordinate bad news in a complex or compound sentence (My department is already shorthanded, so Ill need all my staff for at least(prenominal) the next two months) This construction pushes the bad news into the middle of the sentence, the point of least emphasis. Embed bad news in the middle of a paragraph or use parenthetical expression (Our profits, which are down, are only part of the picture).However, keep in mind that its possible to abuse de-emphasis. For instance,if the primary point of your message is that profits are down, it would be inappropriate to marginalise that news by burying it in the middle of a sentence.Second, use a conditional (if or when) statement to imply that the audience could have received, or might someday receive, a favorable answer (When you have more managerial experience, you are welcome to reapply). Such a statement could motivate applicants to improve their qualifications.Third, emphasize what you can do or have done, rather than what you cannot do. (The five positions currently open have been altered with people whose qualification match those bring out in our research). By focusing on the positive and implying the bad news, you make the impact less personal. When implying bad news, be sure your audience understands the entire message including the bad news. Withholding negative information or overemphasizing positive information is unethical and unfair to your reader. If an im plied message might lead to uncertainty, state your decision in direct terms. Just be sure to avoid overly blunt statements that are likely to cause pain and anger.TECHNIQUES FOR CUSHIONING THE BAD heart i. Position the bad news strategically, avoid the spotlightPut the bad news in the middle of a paragraph halfway through the message ii. Use a long sentenceDont put the bad news in a short, simple sentence.iii. Place the bad message in a subordinate clauseAlthough we have no opening for an individual with your qualifications at this time, we are pleased that you thought of us when you started your job search. iv. Be clear but not overly graphicv. Imply the refusalvi. Suggest a compromise or an alternativevii. Consider using the passive voicePassive-voice verbs focus attention on actions rather than on personalities. They are useful in being tactful.COMMUNICATING BAD MESSAGE EFFECTIVELY 5CSOnce you have carefully choosing the approach you would use to communicate effectively using t hese techniques you should know that the objective of a bad message is to convey the bad news without bruise the readers feelings.5Cs to communicate bad message effectivelyi. CutbacksAvoid statements that might involve the company in legal actions. One thing that wont be appreciated right now is sugar coating. Dont wrap the news in pretty paper or leaping around it. Plainly specify who, what, where, and how. ii. ContextExplain the reasons for the problem dont be out of context be on point and give reasons, do not deviate from the reason to please the listener. iii. CompassionTry as much as possible not to blame anyone around the resulting condition. pry and proactively acknowledge natural emotions. iv. CandorCandor means the quality of being open and honest in expression. The truth may hurt, but any crusade to mislead is unforgiveable. v. ConsistencyConform yourself in conveying the news for the sake of accuracy and fairness. Everything communicates avoid saying one thing and doi ng another.ELEMENTS /TIP OF BAD MESSAGE OF COMMUNICATIONi. Set the stageWhen framing your delivery of the message, first try to get into their heads and think about whats important to them. Think about how the news will impact the audience and also think about how it impacts you. Then relay that information. By revealing your personal feelings about the situation, you can build a rapport and practice empathy that can help to fend off the audiences natural reactions which may be anger, resentment or any number of other feelings. ii. Be directAvoid talking too much and clouding the issues. Its important to succinctly explain the situation and the steps that must be taken. Donttry to sugar coat the message because youll likely end up confusing your audience. iii. have intercourse the problemWhen bad news has to be delivered despite the hard work and efforts of the team, it is imperative that you acknowledge and recognize their efforts and then carefully explain the decision along wit h the plan for turning things around. iv. live on what you want the audience to feel, think or do after they hear your news. Then, as youre framing your delivery, be sure to communicate the facts, the steps that are being taken, and what you need them to do. v. PracticeAs with just about anything, practice makes perfect. By rehearsing the conversation, youll become more comfortable and confident about what needs to be said. And, when you deliver the news with confidence, your audience is much more likely to not only respect you, but also be able to accept that the bad news is out there and youre now doing everything you can to make things right. vi. Stay on topicWhen having to deliver bad news, its very slack to take an off-ramp and become side-tracked as a way to avoid the inevitable. By doing this, youre only making the task harder for yourself and more confusing for your audience. vii. Dont let your audience steer the conversationBad news can make people emotional, particularly when it involves performance feedback or the need to terminate employment. Acknowledge the other persons feelings, give them a minute (or 10) to collect themselves, and move forward with the conversation. Putting it off for another day doesnt help anyone in the long run. viii. Provide alternativesWhen its necessary to provide critical feedback, its necessary to also provide alternative actions as well as a timeline for completion. While you may have some concrete ideas for actions that need to be taken, youll be better served by following the next two steps before firming up your plan. ix. Ask for feedbackAsk your audience open-ended questions that are directly related to the issue at hand and do what you can to make the environment safe enough to allow the person or people to feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and ideas. x. Listen. By not speaking and trying to fill in the gaps in the conversation, you are opening the door for the other person to provide feedback and to commu nicate what they really think. In addition, make sure youre actively listening to what they have to say rather than thinking about how great it will be when the conversation is finally over. By listening, youll be much better able to work with the person or team to move beyond the bad message and begin the work that needs to be done to reanimate the situation.DONTS IN COMMUNICATING BAD MESSAGEi. Do not make promises about the future that may not hold true. ii. Do not overreact.iii. Do not try to protect others from bad news or yourself from sharing it. iv. Dont make initial statement or announcement through emails. v. Dont flout company policy if you want to share something you have been asked not to. vi. Dont let the receiver hear the news outside.vii. Dont communicate bad news through text messages. viii. Dont hide behind company policy.

Compare Ch 1 & 2 of Hard Times to Ch 6 of Jane Eyre

Both authors Charlotte Bronte and Charles Dickens give determined attention to the bleak and hard aspects of life history and, specifically, to the life of children. In the Chapters 1 & 2 of Hard Times to Chapter 6 of Jane Eyre, they vividly portray difficulties and hardship faced by art objecty poor children at school. Thesis The chapters under analysis are based on similar settings and themes portraying educational system of the Victorian era, attitude towards children and their role in society.In the chapters under analysis, the authors portray school life of the protagonists and their grievances. Fact and Figures dominate in the chapters underlining the role of cramming in education. In Hard Times, in the opening scene in a plain, bare, monotonous vault of a schoolroom, the dominant adjectives are square, hard, dry, and the first paragraph of Chapter 2 emphasizes this theme by using many of the declaratory titles which Dickens had contemplated giving to this novel. T.Gradgrind teaches childrenA man who proceeds upon the principle that two and two are four, and nothing over, and who is not to be talked into allowing for anything over (Dickens). In Jane Eyre, girls follow strict rules during classes there were sundry questions approximately tonnage and poundage and ship-money, which most of them appeared unable to answer (Bronte). Another important detail is that girls should read the Bible every morning which dictated fond norms and social order.In the chapters under analysis, the authors create a similar prototypes of teachers and educational systems typical for their times. As the first passage makes clear, the Gradgrind educational system and the ethos of the industrial town are at one in being designedly quite rightly if The Gradgrind Philosophy is accepted monotonous, and in embodying an aridly limited sense of lifes possibilities and priorities. But already one challenge to that Philosophy has appeared the fair at which the Gradgrind children ar e caught peeping.The same philosophy is followed by Miss Scatcherd who supposes that a teacher should be severe and irreconcilable to pupils faults. Jane comments it seems disgraceful to be flogged, and to be displace to stand in the middle of a room full of people (Bronte). A doctrine of Christian endurance is similar in the chapters. Both authors represent a special attention to the process itself and organization of education. They underline that educational process should be based on daily activities and planning process.The chapters though showtime in a schoolroom are concerned with more than education but growing up and new perception of the world. Success for the protagonists means fight in whatever direction. To the attainment of any end worth living for, a symmetrical sacrifice of their nature is compulsory upon children. Jane comments I could not hollow this doctrine of endurance and still less could I derive or sympathize with the forbearance she expressed for her c hastiser (Bronte).Pressure of schooling and severe attitude of their tutors forces the children to mature and understand the role of religion and schooling in their life. The children speak as mature adults which unveils their independent thinking and mature personalities. Readers quickly sense the inevitability of the childrens movement towards savagery, though the authors relate the novels with such economy and intensity that its predictability does not become monotonous. In these chapters, both children assume leadership for their calm rationality.Only a few watery stragglers said Yes among them Sissy Jupe (Dickens). In the chapters, both authors use characters of children in opposition to the main characters. This technique helps them to underline the importance of liberation in the world of pitilessness and misunderstanding. In sum, Charlotte Bronte and Charles Dickens portray that suffering is undergone in order to expand the human spirit, to delve into matters previously kep t hidden, to grow through pain. They grow up into small adults emulating the real world they have left behind and to which eventually they return.

Fundamental Attribution Error Essay

The fundamental attribution defect is when a person overestimates the influence of some other(prenominal) persons personality over a remark or doings rather than large-minded credit to the influence the situation may have on the person. A famous experiment demonstrating this error was conducted by David Napolitan and George Goethals. In this experiment, they instructed a woman to act either rude and critical, or warm and gracious to each person individually. Half of the group was told that the woman would be acting spontaneously, and the other half(a) was let in on the experiment.The result was that the assumptions about her personality did non change even though half the group had known that she was an actor. Each group assumed that because the woman behaved coldly, her personality was so. Even the group who was told that her behavior was situational had still believed that she was warm and friendly because of the way she was acting in the situation. Many times, we find that we commit this error. If we apparently looked at a situation from the other persons point of view, perhaps they were having a grownup day we would then understand their behavior and perhaps even become sympathetic toward them.This relates to me because I move to make this error a lot throughout the day. Many times, however, it has to do with my situation as well. For example, if I am having a bad day, it makes me harder to sympathize and/or understand when someone else is having a bad day. Its like I dont see it. Their bad attitude is just like another notch of bad onto the belt of bad day another thing that went wrong. However, if I stop to cogitate about why this person is so snappy, I might be able to see that it is not just the type of person that they are, but it is perhaps the situation that they were put in.

Motivation Towards Completing A Masters Degree In Marketing Education Essay

In this derrierevas I would wish to discourse the factors that motivated me to generate my Masterss in selling and besides why I choose Bangor University. Since childhood, assorted facets of the cite universe intrigued me but the most ch on the wholeenging of them all is marketing. Here, the primary ca hire for which I postulateed to prosecute MBA in marketing from Bangor University I steadfastly believe that I exit be profiting in my professional every bit level- flinged as my own(prenominal) life. I am keenly interested in heightening my knowledge farawayther beyond my place render, on that pointfore I set up Bangor Business School is an offset printing- course of instruction topographic point to h unmatchable my professional accomplishments and in that respectby nail a b even step to the fore here later on. I steadfastly believe in motive and Maslow s Hierarchy possibleness motivated me a batch to output my Masterss. My attack to acquisition is same as that of the Sensor remark Theory ( Laird, 1985 ) . Larid suggested that sight of the acquisition is d unrivaled by detecting, which is close to 75 % and I agree with him. The issues that prevent in a sort reckon heap be of many an early(a)(prenominal) grounds I in person faced many assort clear jobs for the last two old ages when I was working at Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited ( BPCL ) , India. The jobs which I faced while working at BPCL in pigeonholing work be deficiency of discourse some the job work and personal self-importance jobs with the team members. Rectifi rambleion could be d sensation when all the concourse members meet frequently and discourse their several jobs or a strong determination from the direction side will besides works for the jobs faced in chemical bases.What motivated me to dismantle my Master s grade at BangorHarmonizing to Meahr & A Mwyer ( 1997 ) Motivation is a notional concept used to explicate the induction, way, strength, con tinuity, and quality of behavior, particularly purposive behavior . The theory that motivated me to try my Masterss is Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Theory ( Abraham Maslow, 1943 ) .The theory is fundamentally a classical definition most the human motive. Maslow Theory is explained on the footing of five demands of a human being. The basic five demands argon as follows,1. Physiological demands.2. Safety demands.3. Social needs.4. Esteem needs.5. Self-actualization demands.Physiological demands domiciliate be defined as the basic demands such as air, nutrient, H2O, vesture and shelter or it can be defined as the basic demands of a human being, without the basic needs none can last in the existence. Emotional, natural and environmental safety comes under the safety needs. In item the safety demands can be of trade protection from occupations, house abide, wellness etc. Bing a mortal psyche the support from the life spouse, parents, equals etc. is pertinent and this cognize as s ocietal demand for a human being. It whitethorn besides include the attention and pith besides. One can accomplish his/her ends in life merely with the support from household and friends. Internal and outside regard demands are the chief demands for any human being. Internal esteem demands means the demand that is real inside the mortal, which could be self-respect, assurance, freedom etc. Some people are extremely confident about(predicate) the way where they are going and they will be surely accomplishing their ends without any obstructions. External regard needs comprises of effect, position etc. Peoples in the society are extremely witting about the position and the power that they are keeping in the society and this motivates them to accomplish their ends. Finally comes the self-actualization demands, self-actualization can be defined as the desire for self-fulfilment. Self-actualization means the strong desire to accomplish our ends by mensurating our capablenesss. It be sides helps to derive more(prenominal) cognition and do the life more originative. When we grow psychologically the chances besides grow continuously. The last factor of Maslow s theory that is self-actualization influenced me a batch, from my school degree itself I was really much interested in the concern orbit and I came to this field. After reading this theory during my graduation yearss my purpose to take the Masterss increased. I can hopefully state that this theory motivated me a batch to take my Masterss.After my graduation in Mechanical Engineering I had been working in Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, India. At that set my doubtfulness ever believing about the Masterss and I started manner intoing for right-hand(a) universities and I found Bangor would be the trump out pick for me to take the Masterss and to accomplish my end. When I was traveling through the university website many things attracted and it found to be evoke every bit sincere. The chief thing is it is one of the oldest and celebrated establishments in UK. It had an overall recognize of more than 120 old ages in learning with the international pupils and when I looked the superior chart I found Bangor University is place a good lay. Many of my friends told me Bangor Business School is the best pick to take your Masterss. The otherwise of import thing about this topographic point is the cost of life it is really low when we are comparing with other universities and metropoliss. The university is holding a broad scope of library and IT resources. Bangor is besides holding a strong research wing and I like to make my research in selling sector here itself. Bangor is besides holding a good occupation zone which will assist the pupils to require their portion clip occupation easy. Many calling workshops are conducted by the university, by this we will be getting aid in doing a course of study vitae, how to go to an aptitude trial and competency about interviews. More o ver Bangor is holding a beautiful geographical construction and the metropolis is inactive and free from the noise pollution. All these factors made me to take my Masterss in marketing from Bangor.MY Approach TO LEARNING.Learning can be defined as the lasting alteration in one s behavior or potential from a direct or indirect experience. My attack to acquisition is about like the Traditional unifying(a) stimulation theory ( Larid, 1985 ) which explains that the acquisition comes to the maximal degree when the senses are stimulated. Larid s theory principally pore on the five basic inward-developing gesture of a human being, which tells us that in bulk of the grownups which is about 75 % acquisition is through seeing. Hearing comes following with merely 13 % , and the remainder triad senses such as touch odor and gustatory sensation comprises merely 12 % . If a individual is holding a good multiple senses, he can be a good scholar. Harmonizing to swerve s The constructs of persons have protestent demands and concerns at different times, and that they have subjective readings in different contexts . From my personal experience I can site out that Larid s theory is a really good attack to larning. I had done my graduation in mechanical technology and at that clip we had to analyze a batch about the working of large machineries like lathe, crunching machine, cosmopolitan proving machine etc. At the clip of talk in category about the working rule of machines I was non to the full digested about the working, but when I go to the lab and see the working of these machines I was to the full convinced about the working. This is the same instance when we are analyzing about the working rule of car engines. From my childhood I choose to see objects instead than hearing about it. I had some other attacks besides towards my acquisition which is know as attack for accelerated acquisition. It consists of four chief aims, they areTar go badPlan.Track improvement. doctor it for life.( set out accelerated learning et.al )The first thing that should be in one s head when he/she starts their acquisition is end and aims which can be called as mark. Making the mark is the first measure towards our end, from this flash one can put their way towards their end. Target can be divided into three factors. The first factor is one should happen and analyze the ground why he/she set this end. The 2nd voice is one had to research their end, which means one must(prenominal) hold a good thought about the end and besides about the life after accomplishing the end. The 3rd factor is one must hold clear cut cognition about the aims which he/she had to finish on the manner to end. Planning has a big importance in acquisition. After puting the end one must fix a class map, in this they had to be after their survey clip, clip for devising their assignment, reading articles besides clip for amusement. If there is no amusement a individual can be narrow minded . For all this a good formulation must be at that place. Normally from my childhood itself I had a good planning about my surveies and this helped me a batch to make my end and that helped me more when I was working in grammatical construction field. In building field planning has a great value and there we had to be after the work for the coming two or three hebdomads in progress. If one s planning fails community had to endure a batch. After be aftering about the surveies he/she should fall in line with the surveies. During this touch one can hesitate on occasion and look into whether they are traveling in right path or non. If he/she is traveling in the in sink way of their mark they had to recheck their planning and the correct it. I normally follow this manner on my surveies because by this I can cipher how far my mark is and how much distance I had screen on my manner to the mark. The concluding factor is Do it for life , means after making the end 1 must do some clip to bask what they had achieved. So when 1 is utilizing their cognition, so they can reenforce their self-image which will give them a great sense of satisfaction.ISSUES IN A assemblage WORK.While working with an person or a group of people, one s attitudes and behavior alterations which is termed as societal influence. When we are working in a group many jobs can come into drama. It will impact the smooth working of an administration. So when we are get belt down a group work we must be cognizant of the issues that can originate in a group and we must be ready to work out the issues. The issues in a group work can be as followsProblems due to hapless planning.Less control on the procedure.No virgin thoughts or information on word.Lack of treatment about the thoughts.Unable to finish the undertaking on clip.Poor engagement by the group members.Frustration between the members in the group.Playing a control function by a squad member.Being of the mark.Communication job.( Beginning B erk and Lintem et.al )Planning plays a arctic function in a group work while making a undertaking. If one is non holding a proper planning so he/she will non able to run the undertaking swimmingly. When I was working in a mechanical house we gave more importance to planning section because there we are utilizing heavy Cranes for the hard-on of equipment for a high menu and if the planning fails everything is gone. So when we are get downing anything we must be after it really good. Not at all for occupation, when one is making a group assignment during their surveies besides a good planning must be at that place. When one is making a group assignment a individual must be at that place to principal the squad and take the group members in the right way. Otherwise every group members will be in confusion about the proceedings and this may do many jobs. If the group members are holding no newfound thoughts or information about the work they are making, so they will non be able to fini sh the undertaking in clip in a good mode. One should be good cognizant about the subject that he/she is making.The of import factor in a group work is the treatment. The squad leader must name a group confluence and discuss about present place of the work, how they can continue, new thoughts etc. If there is no treatment traveling on about the schemes, so the squad members will be executing consequently to their want and later it becomes really hard to finish the undertaking in a good manner. Merely from a balanced treatment new thoughts will be emerged.Time direction is one of the critical factors in a group work. There must be a clip tabular array and the group should supervise it. If there is no prioritized clip agenda for a undertaking and at the last infinitesimal the group had to scramble to complete the undertaking and finally fails to run into the outlooks. In some instances some of the group members did non take part in treatment and they will stay quiet and merely hear t he treatment merely. As a consequence the other the squad members had to work a batch to counterbalance for this and it effectuate the smooth operation of the group.Frustration among team members is a rather normal job happening in a group work. In a group, if he/she thinks that their thoughts are non giving any importance or penchant by the other group members and as a consequence they will be acquiring frustrated and because of this a batch of jobs may originate. At the clip of treatment when one or two dominates the session other squad members may believe that their thoughts are non giving any precedence and it may impact the squad outcomes.Being of the undertaking means, after acquiring the undertaking the squad members will non take it earnestly and they waste clip on playing or dish the dirting. At the last excellent merely they will be cognizant about the undertaking and fails to complete it before the deadline. This is normally seen in many of the group works. Proper commu nicating among group members is a really of import factor in a group work. If there is no communicating between the squad members they ca nt bring onward a good end product. This is one of the chief jobs that I had faced when I was working in BPCL, India. How one can get the come apart of the above sited jobs in a group is discussed below.STRATEGIES FOR SOLVING GROUP PROBLEMS.For work outing the jobs in a group work there are many attacks, it chiefly depends on the jobs nature and the individual who had involved in that job. Usually rational attack is use to work out the jobs. Rational attack means analyse the job, cheque for options, measure every option, select one, use it and look into whether the job is rectified or non.Adequate clip must be given to the group members to present themselves such as their name, individuality etc. A think subdivision should be conducted to bring on an thought about the group undertaking. In that subdivision select one individual as a squad lead er and make up ones mind the day of the month and clip for the following clashing and start to work on the undertaking. This will assist to finish the undertaking in a better mode. This will assist to rectify the job which causes due to decelerate start and hapless planning. In the brainstorming subdivision every squad members must be at that place and each one had to make for their ain thoughts. After bring forthing the few thoughts evaluate it and seek for farther. If these attacks are non working they can get along the coach for counsel. List out the thoughts which are proposed in the treatment and they must be certain that all the thoughts had been tested. Promote the squad members to acquire some violative suggestions sometimes it may assist to make new thoughts.For deciding the jobs related to the clip direction, timelines must be established in which all the group members must hold on that. For every meeting the squad member must come with a advancement study on what they had been making after the last meeting. The squad members must assist each other for the completion of undertaking, for illustration a individual is non able to make his work due to some illness or some other ground.One of the other jobs in a group will be deficiency of engagement by members. For this the squad had to found out why he /she is quiet and non active. Make a confab with that individual in the presence of a non-participating member to acknowledge the ground for the absence of engagement and the 1 who had talked must seek to work out it. I had a similar experience when I was working in BPCL, India. We handled the state of affairs in the same mode and the ground for that cat was some household job. Next we can look into out how one can work out the defeat between members. Every member must esteem the thoughts of others and this does nt intend that one had support the other people s thought blindly. They can measure and supply productive remarks about the thought. When 1 had to differ with one s thought do it gracefully and the squad members must bear in head that they had to travel for dialogue and comprise while working in a group.In some group work issues may expect when one or two members dominate in the treatment and to shape this, squad leader must take attention of it. Every squad member must be given opportunity to explain their thoughts. So when a individual is transcending the clip bound one can state courteously that your clip bound is over and allow us now hear what others had had to state and it will be utile for you besides. For work outing the communicating job foremost of all one had find out what are the issues that consequence a group work because of hapless communicating. Then look into out for which undertaking it is chiefly set uping. For illustration, if there is a misinterpretation between the squad members one had to take stairss to work out this by giving a clear thought about the undertaking and clear up their uncertaintie s.CONCLUSION.No can last in today s universe without larning. I can hopefully state that self-actualization demand in Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Theory motivated me a batch to take my Masterss in selling. Why I choose Bangor University for my Masterss is that Bangor is keeping a good rank in the top universities rank list in UK and the cost of life is besides really cut-rate when compared with other metropoliss in United Kingdom. My attack to acquisition is about comparable to Larid s Traditional centripetal stimulation theory and the four factors that bear on head while analyzing is mark, program, track advancement and make it for life. Group work will assist an person to hone their capablenesss. I had sited many jobs in a group work in this essay on which some of them are from my personal experience besides. Conflicts in a group can be of many grounds and the important facet is how a individual can cover the struggle and how to decide it.

Constitutional Law and European Integration

There argon few grammatical subject fields that rival Factortame in being concurrently substantively clear and decisive, and bewilder as to its full impact. The scope of the change to the UK constitution that has been instigated by it and other European Court of arbitrator decisions has been conceptualised as ranging from a legitimate evolution to revolution. Although some theories are more persuade than others, for each one faces its bear weaknesses.However, nonwithstanding the conclusion of this particular speculative debate, the processes of European integration has undoubtedly quickened the pace at which UK Parliament and courts as part of a globalised world have had to squarely confront these constitutional changes, particularly the departure from Parliaments stronghold over the constitution. A Diceyan count of the UK constitution is no long-dated compatible with the current relationship mingled with UK and EU fair playfulness.It was decided in Factortame and conf irmed in compare Opportunities Commission, that the implications of the European Communities Act 1972 s. 2(4) is that EU law has supremacy in the case of clashes mingled with EU and discipline laws. Within the orthodox view that Parliament is absolutely sovereign, inconsistencies between Acts of Parliament are to be dealt with by applying the doctrine of explicit or implied repeal to give effect to the later Act which is simply another(prenominal) illustration of how no Parliament can bind its successors.It would never have been open to national courts to retain provisions within primary statute incompatible with EC law either temporarily or permanently as it is today. However, so long as UK remains a part of the EU, EU law will prevail when inconsistencies arise and any derogation from this position will have to be make expressly and unequivocally. Therefore, even if the current position of Parliamentary reign cannot clearly be defined, Factortame and EOC alone underline th e unworkability of a Diceyan view of Parliamentary sovereignty in an European context.A radical but yet convincing argument that conceptualises the constitutional implications suggests that, EU law is able to place a substantive limit on Parliaments law making authority on overlapping areas because being a component state has partially changed the rule of recognition of Parliamentary sovereignty. Although this necessitates presupposing Parliamentary sovereignty is a legal principle, not a purely semipolitical one, it seems justified because instead of accepting Parliament to be sovereign provided by its existence, it allows for a justification based on normative rguments. This is important considering that the UK is a modern majority rule and intrinsically different to the state it was in when the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty was originally organizeed. Being a legal phenomenon, the scope of Parliamentary sovereignty evolves through the judgments of the court which pro vides a more balanced and legitimize decision than considering just a political aspect because the political realities are still considered but are weighted against other principles such as the rule of obedience to statutes.Furthermore, courts are gradually developing the humor that the authority of Parliament to make law is something that is subject to, and therefore controllable by constitutional law. For example, in the domestic case of Anisminic, the scope of Parliaments authority to confer on public government activity powers which are not subject to judicial review was sharply limited. Thus, the effect of ECJ decisions on the constitution has been to develop it to a stage where Parliament is no longer sovereign at times when, and only when when, inconsistencies between EU and national law occur within a field where both laws operate.On the other hand, Sir William wade would argue that constitutional revolution rather than a mere evolution has resulted. However, this argum ent is not only at odds with sea captain Bridges judgement but lacks plausibility in itself. He explains that the courts have acted unconstitutionally and shifted their allegiance because Parliamentary sovereignty being a rule of recognitionand a solely political norm, is a constitutional fixture which may only be diminished as a matter of practical politics.There is a real difficulty in accepting this because it would suggest judicial whim may reverse a commitment that was reached democratic consensus among all branches of government and wider society through public referendum. This formidable weakness of Sir William Wades argument supports viewing Parliamentary sovereignty as, at least partly, a legal concept. Although the theory that it is attainable for the EU to place substantive limits to Parliamentary sovereignty accommodates the voluntary contractual argument and functional requirement of EU arguments that Lord Bridge presents, it is not without limitations either.It fits rise with Lord Bridges alternative reasonings because they suggest that Parliament does have the power to limit its own powers and that the present conflict should be tackled on principled bases. This is important because legal phenomenon arise out of case law and albeit sparse, his judgment was the only one to address the topic. However, the persuasiveness of this argument is reduced by the circumstance that it simply leads us to another equally difficult question of what legal means set the width of its powers.The judges themselves seem to be in disagreement amongst each other about this as Lord Hope says measures enacted by Parliament itself whereas Laws LJ says the unwritten constitution as interpreted by the judges which seems legitimatise but in practical terms, leaves everything just as uncertain. So far only the implications of ECJ case law has been discussed but there are other elements to European integration such as the doctrine of depend effect and the European Union Act 2011 which have affected the development of the UK constitution.These developments suggest that the new view is the most plausible representation of Parliamentary sovereignty today because referendum locks and the possibility for individuals to present a case in national courts on law derived from sources other than Parliament present limitations on Parliamentary sovereignty but not in the substantive sense discussed above. Proponents of the new view view that ultimate sovereignty remains with Parliament but it may have to conform to certain manner and form limitations.The likable factor of this model is that it also accommodates for the limitations that Human Rights Act proposes on Parliamentary legal authority as salutary. Yet it is problematic in that the EU has explicitly stated in s2 of the ECA that on at least an EU level, Union law is regarded as supreme and this theory fails to encompass this dimension of the relationship between domestic and EU law. Most importantly, it accentuates how the increasingly multi-layered nature of the constitution must be taken into written report in the broader debate.The holding of a point of absolute power faces pressure from outside as well as inside the nation. When the broader question of whether we should be edging away from political and towards a more legal constitution is considered in light of the multi-tiered constitutionalism arising from the Parliamentary Acts of 1911 & 1949, Human Rights Act, Devolution as well as EU membership, it would seem that to maintain a wholly political view of Parliamentary sovereignty in any context would be to deny reality.However, anything more exact requires us to assess what balance between adaptability and piece of cake from maintaining a political constitution, and protected rights and principles from a legal constitution will provide the checks and balances necessary in dealing with the legal and political challenges of today. Due to declining public reputation of Pa rliament and diminishing respect for political process generally, as well as the aim of Parliamentary sovereignty having originally been to secure the broadest possible basis for ensuring democracy and legitimacy, we may not have to be so uneasy about adopting a more legal constitution.The UK constitution must embrace the emphasis it has always placed on a dynamic experience and once again, like with the case of devolution, make a smooth transition forrader political repercussions manifest themselves. 1 . R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame Ltd 1990 ECR I-2433 2 . Paul Craig, Britain in the European Union in The Changing Constitution (7th ed, 2011) pg120 3 . HWR Wade, Sovereignty- diversity or Evolution? 1996 112 LQR 568 4 .R v Secretary of State for Employment ex parte Equal Opportunities Commission 1995 1 AC 1 5 . HWR Wade, The Basis of Legal Sovereignty 1955 CLJ 174 6 . Paul Craig, pg121 7 . seventeenth century Glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights 8 . TRS Allan, Parliamentary Sovereignty Law, Politics, and Revolution 1997 113 LQR 447 9 . Mark Elliott and Robert Thomas, creation Law (2011, Oxford) pg334 10 . Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission 1969 2 AC 147 11 . Wade, Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? 12 . HLA Hart, The Concept of Law (1996, Claredon Press) 13 .Wade, Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? 14 . UK European Communities membership referendum 1975 15 . Lord Bridge in Factortame 16 . Paul Craig Britain in the European Union in Jowell and Oliver (eds) TheChanging Constitution (7th edn, Oxford, 2007) pg 121 17 . Jackson v Attorney-General 2005 UKHL 56 18 . Thoburn v Sunderland city Council 2002 EWHC 195 19 . Sir I. Jennings, The Law and the Constitution (1959) ch. 4 20 . Jonathan Sumption discriminatory and Political Decision-making The Uncertain Boundary 2011 Judicial Review 301