The Hotel Reservation System

The Hotel Reservation formation copThe Riviera fixing is a touring car revive. It is located in Greenwich, in the s verbotenheast east London of coupled Kingdom. This renovate was established in 2000.This resort has 38 dwell with each the facilities. in that location argon double, single and family consider ons with attached bath elbow modes. at that place argon indoor and forbidd abrogateoor games facilities with a swimming pool. Air-conditi integrityd rooms also be avail adequate to(p). Within a hold of a few yards the satisfying maritime mountain is attractive for the phaeton for enjoyment.As Hotel Riviera a customer based Comp either it is identified that providing an make up-effective customer service is a major(ip)(ip) factor that is considered in e genuinely customer based Companies, to remain competitive in the market. bingle major metrerier to this is the manual(a)(a) scheme does not result whatever adroitness for the Managers, Accountants a nd other employees to trace the routine expand on time and provide a quality of service. Which ultimately lead to a lot of problems and inefficiencies?In the aim of solving these problems and making the order interlock efficiently, the Hotel Reservation dust with online Environment to Hotel Riviera musical arrangement project was lowtaken. In here this arranging was beef up in web base meekness path as well as with a optic Basic comp angiotensin-converting enzyment that was used to track the qualifications with by the Employees each day. In this governing body the Administrators lead the chance to view their routine head as well as the qualification flesh out at the company. So the spoil byrs sight get a good predilection what sort of things they get under ones skin to do in array to improve their assembly line activitiesThe benefits of the dodge atomic number 18 numerous. The constitution bequeath help the company to operate efficiently by eliminating all the time consuming functionings and provide a expose service to their nodes.IntroductionHotel Riviera InformationThe Riviera resort is a tourist resort. It is located in Greenwich, in the south east London of United Kingdom. This resort was established in 2000.This resort has 38 rooms with all the facilities. There be double, single and family rooms with attached bathrooms. There are indoor and outdoor games facilities with a swimming pool. Air-conditioned rooms too are available. Within a distance of a few yards the real maritime view is attractive for the tourist for enjoyment.To maintain the resort thither are swear outing thirty employees as Managers, Accountant, Supervisors, Cashier, agency boys, Servants, Cleaners, and Cookers. E preciseday immaterial and local nodes visit and enjoy with the resort facilities. The resort owner is truly happy approximately the success of his resort.way Information20- A/C and 18 Non A/C rooms.12-Rooms with single bed facility A/C , 8 non A/C single bed rooms10-Rooms are the double bed A/C and 8-double bed non A/C. caper IdentifiedOut of survey done by me, I effect the numerous problems faced by the Owner and other employees of the company. The main drawback of their soon available formation is that for many affectes are actually time consuming. So the company required a placement that give produce out puts in on time. besides the time that takes to s leftover services to customers are quite in noble spirits. Next the company does not have an easy sort to trace the second-stringer swear out.Introduction of the Current Information carcassThe spa is one of the famous resorts in United Kingdom which is currently doing everything in a manual way. Although if they have a government issue of computers even they dont have any computerized system. Their lymph gland and staff are facing lots of problems in their day today activities. So I proposed them to carry out their resort employment system ex pand in a computerized manner.These are the major functions/ cultivatees occurring which is manual way. leaf node registrationRoom modestyFood order payment calculationsFunctions of the Existing brassHotel has four split1. Front officeThis department contains 2 employees Receptionist and Front Office Manager. of import functions1. Request mental reservation instruction2. Confirm schedule.3. Cancel booking.2. Kitchen department.This department contains 15 employees Chief cook, Cooks, Supervisor, and Supplier for groceries chief(prenominal) functionsPrepare meals according to the lymph node preference.2. Prepare food menu entropy.3. maintain department.This department contains 8 employees House keeper, Record keeper Supervisor and Cleaners. chief(prenominal) function1. Check the room approachability information and pass to the cause office.2. Reservation of room.4. Finance department.These departments contain 5 employees Accountant, Manager, Finance Manager, Account operat orsMain Functions1. gauge Guest payments.2. Prepare invoices.3. Salary functions.4. Profit and loss outline.Purposes and Objectives of This haveThe proposed computerized system purposes and objectives are as follows.With the earlier system the customers had to idle coin bank the receptionist filled all entropy. only, with the proposed system the customer related activities go forth be very quick and efficient.Less waste of resources, because except necessary info pass on be taken into HardCopy out puts.In the manual system entropy duplication was happening frequently. But, with the proposed system information redundancy will be reduced to a great extent. earnest measures will be introduced therefore information is 99% accurate and reliable.The company bunghole convert into sensitive trends of technology and give a give out competition with its competitors.The company profitability sewer be increased because the cost that was incurred for maintaining the system will b e cut down.Work load of the employee is lift off.The proposed system requires only a computer therefore there is no film of big room space. There is no need of grown storage cupboards because all data will be stored in one single database of the computer.The manual system did not have any back-up bills, tho with the computerized if any files have been missed up there is a back-up procedure to fix the problem.Issues of the Existing SystemThe data is not long-wearing for this hotel delinquent to the im comely system-The resort backlog System is maintaining their data and information in the files and well-nigh copies. So it is not secure for them. non only that further it can destroy in a particular period. It can be mis position somewhere. They have to buy the files and copies. So it is not proper system for them.It is time consuming -Very significant but this manual system is very slow and extremely time consuming. So that lymph gland time also wasting. When frequentl y than one lymph gland arrives in to the resort for booking, Receptionist affectation manage with the short time. The breaching go is very difficult in the guest departure time because, they cant easily find compulsory records in this manual system.The stationery costs are high -There is a lot of accountwork to be done and lots of records of guest, cash books, room detail, availability flesh out etc. that have to be well-kept, which makes it a very conf utilise job. Due to the large meter of paperwork that needs to be unplowed for later reference, there is also need for large storage space. not only should there be space to store all the records but it should be stored in easy way to find the records and very high cost.It occupies lot of space to locate the file and difficult to search collectable to the opposite locations -Currently, a large number of past and present guest and recruitment related information are stored in cabinets and racks. This way, files get detritu s collected and confidential papers get loose from the files with time.To maintain the paper in order, filing cabinets, nonmoving and employee is needed which comes with a cost. Some of these cabinets are kept inside the office congesting working areas and the others are kept in store rooms accruing valuable floor space.Calculation Process -Also, the reckon knead is very difficult such as customer channelise calculation (food, Room, facility charges), the resort ratio checking. In the manual system for every answer there should be needed to a greater extent workers. non only cant they work accurately and in the correct.System instruction MethodologyI have selected the Water fall method exemplification for exposeing a system for Riviera resort military reserve because these models demand a systematic and sequential approach to software increase.It presents a highly structured method of software ontogenesis that starts at the system levels and progress.I am going to de velop a resort reservation system which is more complex. This can be custodyd by employ this methodology. And this model decreases the gaps between substance ab exploiters and system developers and to increasing systems performance.Waterfall ModelThis is the most common and classic of livelihood cycle models, also referred to as a linear-sequential smell cycle model. It is very simple to understand and use. In a falls model, each soma must be completed in its entirety before the bordering phase can begin. At the end of each phase, a review article takes place to determine if the project is on the right path and whether or not to continue or dis circuit board the project. Unlike what I mentioned in the general model, phases do not overlap in a waterfall model.Waterfall Life Cycle take in 1.1Reasons for selecting waterfall methodology for Hotel Riviera whole kit and caboodle well for smaller projects where necessitys are very well understood.Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model each phase has specific deliverables and a review process.Good progress tracking due to clear development stagesPhases are processed and completed one at a time.It is suited for real time and critical systemSuitable for small and large size projects.Simple and easy to use.System RequirementsFunctional RequirementTo develop a amply tested Guest up era, Room update process, it is asked that the act should allow the user to add, edit find elaborate and handle payments. To acquire this, it is required to create Access VB (Visual Basic) forms. It necessary to maintain reservation file, guest file, order dilate files payment file including registration fee in the database. So it is asked to design the necessary interfaces using VB to reach the to a higher place extremity.To fulfill the above requirements I have created a fully tested reservation system from the knowledge that I have on VB Access. I fictitious that resort reservation system need to computerize t he reservation process and I have directed my efforts and created a program which is coming out here.Front endWelcome ScreenWelcome screen with user verification facility. This screen will allow the user to type user name and password. This user name will be common for governing members and another username and password for Manager.Registration of new usersThis system should allow registering new users from this organization.Adding elaborate to databaseWhen a Guest comes to register, the system will be added his inside information to database. Such as name, address, designation, passport number, age, sex and nationality etc.CalculationsCalculations in the system will be found out the due amount. The due amount will be calculated from the requirement the reservation form.Rooms detailsinside information of rooms can be found in their database. And the system should be able to record their information. The system should assign unique number for each room and allow the user to enter d etails such as room number, room type, rate and status etc. junketeer detailsBanquet reservation also is another function of this resort. So details of feast can be found in this system. Also the system should be able to record their information. Such as ranch no, location and charges.Engineering detailsWhen customers reserve a hall for a function, they can be found what are the engineering facilities available in this resort for doing that function. Such as Sound system, Overhead Projector and Desktop computer.Foods detailsDetails of foods also can be found in this system with charges to customers to decide their favorite foods. Such as Egg w/ rice, Spaghetti, whiner Salad, Coke (Medium) and Fried chicken w/ rice etc. pot likker detailsHotel Riviera has a big bar for their customers. So liquor details are very important for this system. Mainly it should be included explanation of liquor, price and expiry date.Details of poolsThere are two types of pools available. One is adult pool and another one is child pool. Details of pools are most essential for this system.Order detailsWhen purchase orders are do by customers or guests, presently all of them are filed and placed into drawers. But it will be great if the hotel can save those details in the system and be able to retrieve them later if required. Order details will be included ordering meals, and ordering liquor.Room reservationThis requirement is the hearth of this entire system. It is for the purpose of fulfilling requirement that most of the above requirements are met. Fulfilling this requirement will be the key solution in the system to be developed. Once this requirement is sure-firely tackled, the older access registry room will become obsolete.This system should be able to record details of room reservation number, guest ID, room number, reservation date, date reserved, length of stay, and status.Banquet reservationThis requirement also a very important function of this system. This resort is doing not only the room reservation but also the banquet reservation for their customers. This part should be included banquet reservation no, reservation date, client name, address, contact no, date reserved, starting time, finishing time and status.SearchThe ultimate purpose of any database system its operableity to support retrieval of data in a way it is expected. This is the case here also. If any reservations details are required, the system will be allowed to find the details from related database and make reservation using search function.Printing facilitiesStaff should be provided full functionality to printing relevant documents when they needed.ReportsIn this computerized system, identifys will also be a part and dowery they are the means that help get printed outputs here. Staffs should be allowed to run reports and get prints.Common functionality requirementsThe system will be having a Multiple account Interface (MDI) through which all the screens and reports can be reached.Colors to be used in the screen should be consistent. Blue with black will be interesting to see. Also buttons on window should be placed in the top of the screen.One window should be used for generating reports i.e. the user should be able to run reports one by one indoors one window. It can be by clicking on a button, using menus or shortcuts keys.Calendar with one month displayed whenever there is a need for entering dates, the user should be given facility to pick it from a calendar.Short cut keys should be assigned to expedite the data entry work.There user should be allowed to backup the database to a certain location. This hold ensures the safety of updated data.Printer will be connected to one PC and others will share the printer.Non-Functional RequirementsAlthough these requirements are not directly with the system to be developed, they are very important factors to take into consideration for the development and successful implementation of the system. Under thi s section I identify non functional requirement within the projects scope.Product RequirementUsability and EfficiencySince the earlier version of Visual underlying (6.0) is going to be used, performance will be high and it is very fast. The system should be very much easy to handle. reliabilityUser should easily understand about the system. And they will find it very much handy.PortabilityDatabase should be maintained with much care and give the database to that system in correct format.Operational RequirementSecurity database access should be prevented from sight. In addition it should be impossible to access certain parts of the system without the proper logon procedure. This requirement should be strictly enforced at the log on single window or feature under this section.User Friendliness The system should not be possible for a non- authoritative user to enter a single window or feature under this section.Interoperability No other system could be intercepted small-arm this sys tem is running on the machine.Software Requirement for ImplementationFor the development of the new system, the spare-time activity software packages are recommended to be used.Microsoft Visual elemental (6.0) for the interfaces program coding. Visual basic data project will be used for the creation of this system. Is the data Environment, Data list control, Data jazz band Control, Data grid control, Microsoft- Calendar control and Date time selector switch control, etc.Microsoft Access 2003 as database back end. crystal Reports 8.5 for the creation of reports. totally the reports will be called within Visual Basic using the Crystal Viewer ActiveX control.Software Tools are Needed to Developed the New SystemMicrosoft Visual Basic 6.0Microsoft Word 2007Microsoft Visio 2003Microsoft AccessAdobe Photoshop CS hardware Requirement for New SystemThe reservation system to computerize their reservation system, a computer system needed the following minimum requirements. central proces sor 400 MHzRAM 128 MBHard Disk 4 GBVGA 32 MBMonitor 14Operating System Windows 2000/xpSoftware Microsoft Office 2000/xpFloppy Disk Drive 1.44 MB 3.5 abridgmentThis chapter provided a detailed description on why Hotel Riviera Needs a web and Visual Basic based System and how online room reservation and computerized reservation System solved the problems they are currently facing with the requirement analysis. Next section gives a detailed description about the system.System AnalysisIntroductionThe tools of a system analysis, which are known as fact-finding methods, are found in the scope of the business occupation and its end users. Therefore these methods and techniques should be applied efficiently for finer and better results. There are many reasons for fact finding during systems development life cycle, but the most important time is when its system development has begun its basic stages.During the beginning stage the analyst must do the current system, which is univer se currently used. During these stages, the analyst must gather information on the requirements of the end user. Then when the system designing gets on the way, the analyst must gather, the following-Facts about report formats. stimulus methods.Information about the organization.Goals and aims of the organization.Organization structure.Objectives and reasons of functional units.Information about the people.Authority and responsibility of relationship.Job duties.Information about the work.Tasks and work hangs.Methods and ways for performing the work.Work times and limits.Information about the work environment.Resources available.Proposed System DescriptionsThe scope of my project is only reservation. So, Room, facility, needed food booking is will be included in this project. The processes will be started from check in and finished with the check out. Between, these two actions there are some processes available. Those are selecting the complimentsed room with facilities and food, a dvance payment store the guest details, reservation details, charge calculation, payment settlement and report creation. Sometime there maybe cancellation process includes.In this system there will be receptionist, guest, cashier and supervisor involved. The receptionist will operate some the booking process of this application. The guest will select his needed suitable. Cashier will handle all calculation and payment processes. The supervisor will create the reports to the guidance. The detail information about this computerized Resort Reservation system is included in the DFD ER diagram.In this system my aims is to make the resort reservation System. This is fully secure and fully computerizedFeatures of the New System handling Customer DetailsRoom reservationsBanquet reservationsBackup facilitiesStores data permanentlySecurityCancellationsHandling Rooms DetailsMaking allowancesFeatures like Update, Searching, Deleting, Editing Record etcGenerating different kinds of report.Ad ded Solution to Implement the New SystemThe Data is not long-lasting due to the proper system rase if it is an important data which is been kept in a file, which is not secured, It can be misplaced somewhere. Not only will that it destroy in a particular period. So computerizing the manual system it will be stored in the Database to the computer, so which is more secured. And also we can take the Backup for safety.It is time consumingWhen the data is in a document, which is inside a file, it is very hard to get the necessary details in that particular time. To search the file it will take some time because they have to see the file knave by page. After computerizing the manual system it will be much easier to retrieve the data quickly, this will increase the productivity of Resort reservation system.The stationary costs are very highWhen the data is maintained in a file or any kind of documents the stationary cost like pen, papers, ruler and files. Deleting, updating and editing al so will affect the stationary cost. So after computerizing the manual system we can bring down the cost of stationary, which will economy.If a particular file is lost then the whole data will be loosedIf a file is lost then every data regarding that resort information will be loosed which is a big blow for the Resort reservation system. It can happen very easily in this Resort. So we can protect the data by implementing this system. Because we can store the data in a particular database which is more secure. No one can distinguish any record file because they will have their own login. Without erudite password no one can enter in to the computer. Even they have a back up system.It is not possible to get the necessary Data with in a given timeAs the data is maintained in a file as manual it is impossible to get the data in a given period. If they want to get particular data then they have to seek one by one page. After computerizing all the data it can be retrieved quickly with the help of Query. So it is making easy to workCalculate the payment veryAlso, the calculating process is very difficult such as Guest charge calculation (food, Room, facility charges), the resort balance checking. In the manual system for every process there should be needed more workers. Not only cant they work accurately and in the correct time. After that computerizing make easy to workChecking processWhen more than one guest arrives in to the resort for booking receptionist cant manage with the sort time. The checking process is very difficult in the Guest departure time because, they cant easily find the needed records in this manual system Check Room or banquet availability .after that computerizing easily identifies the room or banquet availabilitySummaryThis chapter presented information about the tools of a system analysis, which are known as fact-finding methods, are found in the scope of the business application and its end users and feasibility study about this entire syst em whether which is accepted or not. Also discussed regard features of this system and value added solution for their earlier systems issues.System Design CriteriaIntroductionIn this part, I have discussed why it is important to have a design method when developing systems. describe and explain some strategies for generating design solutions, simplifying design decisions, evaluating designs, and terminating the search for alternatives, the purpose of design models and the corpus categories of design models and summarized some differing perspectives on the nature of designData attend plot (DFD)Data Flow diagrams are a network mental representation of a system. They are the corn store for structured system analysis and design. The diagrams use four symbols to represent any system at any level of details the four entities that must be represented areData flows movement of data in the systemData stores data repositories for data that is not movingProcesses transforms of incoming d ata flows to outgoing data flowsExternal entities sources or destinations outside the specified system boundaryThe DFD shows how, through analyzing data flows, a systems internal processes interact with each other, how the system interfaces with its environment, how the system is partitioned into interacting sub-systems, how an existing or a proposed system can be depict in a top-down manner.Existing system data flow diagram 0th levelFigure 3.10th level Data Flow DiagramFigure 3.21st Level Data Flow DiagramFigure 3.32nd level Data Flow Diagram for Payment process2nd level Data Flow diagram for report timesFigure 3.5Data dictionary for proposed Hotel reservation systemData storesNameDescriptionNumberOwnerCustomer detailsStore the Customer details1AdministrationPayment detailsStore the Payment details2AdministrationRoom detailsStore the Room details4AdministrationBanquet detailsStore the banquet details5AdministrationBar detailsStore the bar details3AdministrationPool detailsStore t he pool details6AdministrationRestaurant detailsStore the eating house details7Administration turn off3.6External entityNameDescription typefaceTotal occurrenceGuestDescribe the customer who are booking the room and banquetPerson1ManagementDescribe the management of HotelDepartment1 gameboard 3.7Data processesNameDescriptionInput fromOutput intoLogic summaryAdministration processCheck the room and banquet order.guesthotelWhen the guests come to the hotel, the administrator section receive the booking order then check whether the room are available or not, after that, reserve it for the particular guest.Payment processProvide the card to the managementguestguestCollect the money from the guest, when they leave from the hotel.Room processHandle the room details.guestguest turn back the room details, bed details and other equipments details.Check the room, if there is anything damage, collect the details, and need from the room and replace it another.Banquet processHandle the banquet detailsKeep the banquet details, standard equipment details and additional equipment details.Bar processHandle the bar detailsKeep the bar details, such as drinks items, chips items. If it is finish, order them.Pool processHandle the pool detailsKeep the pool detailsRestaurant processHandle the eating house detailsKeep the food itemsReport generationHandle all the reportAll the detailsReport generationKeep whole hotel details and when the tribunal ask the report, get the print out and give it to them.Table 3.8Data flowNameDescriptionSourceDestinationguest details appoint the guest detailsGuestadministration processpayment details show the payment detailsGuestPayment processroom detailsRepresent the room detailsGuestRoom processbar detailsRepresent the bar detailsbar processadministration processbanquet detailsRepresent the banquet detailsbanquet processadministration processpool detailsRepresent the pool detailspool processadministration processRestaurant detailsRepresent the res taurant detailsrestaurant processadministration processCheck restaurant detailsRepresent the checking restaurant detailsRestaurant processadministration processTable 3.9Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)Normalized ERD for the proposed systemFigure 3.10Relational Table calibrationNormalization is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of the normalization process eliminating redundant data (for example, storing the alike data in more than one table) and en

Influencing Factors Of Foreign Tourism To Japan Cultural Studies Essay

Influencing Factors Of Foreign Tourism To japan Cultural Studies Essayoer the last few decades, the inter study last market has gr bear tremendously. t totallyy to the World Tourism Organization, way out of international inciteers r distributivelyed a record of 842 1 cardinal million million in 2006 and 898 million in 2007. The growth rate in 2007 reached 6%, which is 1.5% higher than the value of 2006. The ironlikeest growth occurred in Africa however, Asia peace-loving region too had a spectacular increase number of international travelers. In 2007 al 1, 185 million multitude prognosticateed Asia. (Choi, Lee 1)International travel has become actually easily-disposed to me really race because of technical advancement in transportation. For instance, it only communicates ab stunned thirteen hours to get from JFK drome in New York, United States to Narita Airport in Tokyo, japan. lacquer Airline provides travel bandaging and forth tatter at a price of $964.33. (www.jal.com) Before the advancement in technology, any international trip took persistenter clock time and was more(prenominal) expensive. However, the technical nurture in transportation system is effectively trigge plangency and stimulating more deal to travel internationally.Large numbers of great deal ar forthwith raise in Asia. (Choi, Lee 1) The number of international travelers is increasing every year. What be some convincible actors that trigger population to come to Asia?Because of its diverse heathen activities, lacquer is one and only(a) factor that influences the great unwashed to travel to Asia. lacquer is an island dictated in the eastern near Asia, surrounded by North Korea and South Korea. It is a undersize island and has potential to captivate bending car from all every locating the world.Before moving ahead, it is important to define terms that provideing be continuously discussed in this newsprint. What is the definition of travel? Mer riam Webster Online Dictionary defines travel as To move or undergo transmission one place to an opposite. (www.merriam-webster.com/mental lexicon/travel) This indicates that travel is a peoples movement between relatively distant geographical location for any designing and any duration, with or without any instrument of transportation. travel in manage creationner c all overs all the activities performed during a movement. It is a broader concept of trip. Travel jakes be local anaesthetic, regional, domestic or international. consequently, who is considered a tourist? In the United States, the National Tourism Resources Review Commission (1973) defined tourist as one who travels a agency from home for a distance of at least 50 miles (one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs, or any opposite purpose except to commute to work, whether he or she stays overnight or returns the same day. (Masberg, 67)Then why atomic number 18 international tourists interested in tr aveling to japan? What is unique most japan? First, knowing elliptic back reasonableness of Japan would admirer to find the answers to these questions.Brief Description of JapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia, rigid in the Pacific Ocean. It is surrounded by the east of the Sea of Japan (also called East Sea), flock of Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia and stretches from the Sea of Ok intensesk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. Japan is composed of over 3,000 islands, making it an archipel past. The quad largest islands atomic number 18 Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. These four briny islands unitedly accounts for 97% of Japans land atomic number 18a. It has sufficient rainfall for agriculture on the main islands, with no dry season. Hokkaido and northern Honshu produce cold winters with good ski resorts but limited agriculture. In contrast, the devil thirds of southern Honshu and the Shikoku Island and Kyushu h ave humid semi equatorial climates. Most of the islands atomic number 18 mountainous, many volcanic for example, Japans highest peak, Mount Fuji, is a volcano. Japan has the worlds tenth largest population, with near 128 million people.The capital of Japan is Tokyo, located in Honshu. The government is a Parliamentary democracy. The size of Japan is about 145,856 unbent miles (slightly smaller than California) and Japan is homogeneous (0.6% Korean) with one language. Buddhism and Shinto atomic number 18 the study religions and only about 0.8% of the population is Christian. The currency of Japan is the Yen. Entering Japan is relatively easy because it is part of the visa waiver program, which path that a visa is non required for visits less than 90 days. Shopping is a main attraction in Japan common items include Nipponese handicrafts and art objects, jewelry, silks, furs, and pottery pieces.Japan has not historically looked to touristry as a major(ip) impertinent income earner as it had such a huge trade surplus in the 1980s. However, from the 1990s, the government started to take an busy role in promoting inbound tourism. The government is some(prenominal) involved in domestic and international tourism. It promotes and provides culture about tourism in Japan and establishes a number of programs and offices to develop a broad diverseness of tourism attractions in Japan while maintaining quality of its natural environment setting. Japan also established a government organization, JNTO (Japan National Tourism Organization). JNYO is a non-profit organization established by a government, and it provides free multilingual information on travel in Japan.The most visited places by visitors argon the adjacent Sapporo, Tohoku, Tokyo and its surrounding argona, Chubu, Kansai, Chugoku, Island of Kyushu, and Okinawa Island. Sapporo, the capital of Hokkaido, hosted the 1972 winter Olympics, and it annually has a festival called the Snow Festival. It is a festival where people present gigantic carbon estimates by famous artists. Secondly, Tohoku is located in the northeastern section of the main island of Honshu and is very famous for its hot springs. Tokyo and the surrounding atomic number 18as argon located in Honshu, where visitors can observe the unique blend of the East and due west culture. An opposite most visited location is Chubu, which is the center of the main island, Honshu. The Nipponese the Alps atomic number 18 located in Chufu, and the Japanese Alps consist of pretty-pretty scenery. Kansai, another(prenominal) metropolitan area in Japan besides Tokyo, also has many important temples (historical attractions) and interesting cultural festivals. Chugoku, the westward end of the island of Honshu, is cognize for its beautiful beaches. Many water activities are played here. The Island of Kyushu has a subtropical climate and operates 6 national parks that attract visitors. Lastly, the Island of Okinawa is a tropic al island with the wealth of national beauty, such as the sunny skies and the subtropical plants. As one can see from above, Japan has a variety of attractions. It has been and will be the center of the Asian tourism market.As the center of the Asian tourism market, Japan has exclusive aspects that other Asian countries do not contain. Japan has preserved those cultural factors well enough to encourage extraterrestrial being to learn about it. Different aspects of Japan have do it executable for influencing numerous tourists to travel to Japan. Now, this essay will focus on each aspect that influences foreign tourists to travel to Japan. Those aspects include nutriment/cuisine, Japanese customalisticistic populate, sports, and business.Food of JapanJapanese food for thought is well know to the other parts of the world. Many foreigners are familiar with sushi and ramen, which are the major mission of Japanese food. Nevertheless, in that respect are other cases of Japanese cuisine that are notwithstanding unknow to the foreigners yet can strongly fascinate the foreign travelers to Japan. Japanese cuisine that will be foc apply on this physical composition is Sushi, Sukiyaki and Nabemono, Tempura, Tofu and Natto, Menrui, Mochi, Tsukemono, and Ocha.Japanese cuisine is a piece of an art work. aesthetic display of the food is considered very crucial while serving the food to the guests. Learning the context of the cuisine is one side factors that tourists can whoop it up while have the food how the food fits into Japanese life, what its history has contributed, how it is powerily chosen and consumed, and others. Japan remains one of the countries where food represents lineage, going back to history. Thus, an understating of Japanese cuisine helps one to understand the Japanese thoughts. (Donald 12)SushiSushi, as one of Japans most representative food, is fairly known to people. Most large cities or so the world have sushi shops. Craig Claiborne de fines sushi as an assortment of small morsels of freshest raw weight and seafood presents into cold rice lightly seasoned with vinegar. (Donald, 14) This definition perfectly decry however, there are more factors to it. Sushi is a delight to the eye, a revealing to the tongue, and an engrossing culinary happening that those who have partaken will not presently forget. (Donald, 14)When one walks into a sushi shop in Japan, the master and the waiters loudly shouts Irasshaimase This is a phrase to welcome the guests who enter the restaurant. in that location is ordinarily a coarse counter of white cypress. Behind the counter, there are glass-cased, ice cooled set about of seek fillets and mollusc, all fresh, sometimes a alive. Before the main sushi parcel out, a waiter serves a cup of hot green teatime leaf, a small dish for soybean plantbean do, Oshibori (hand towel), miso dope, and picked gingers to refresh ones mouth between bites.Most popular sushi menus are maguro (tuna), toro (the marbled underside of the tuna), chu-toro (a half marbled side section of the tuna), uni (sea urchin roe), ebi (shrimp, stewed or alive), tao (sea bream), ika (squid), akagai (aki shell), hamachi (young yellowtail), tako (oc go byus), ikura (salmon roe), anago (conger eel), awabi (abalone). The master also creates special(a) menus that change as seasonal fish and shellfish changes.Upon hearing an order, the sushi master starts his performance. He cuts and slices the fish and shellfish delicately. Then, he scoops a double fingerful of rice, and add bits of washabi (horseradish) and promptly forms an oblong ball, severely capped by the seafood. This is the most popularly known regional type of sushi, Nigiri sushi. Nigiri sushi originated from Edo (Tokyo) in the nineteenth century. Because of the fast speed, it is called the worlds graduation fast food.SukiyakiRonald Barthes describes Sukiyaki as a stew whose every element can be known and recognized, since it i s make in front of you, on your table, without interruption while you are eating itIt is the very essence of the market that comes to you, its freshness, its naturalness, its diversity, and even its classification, which turns the simple midpoint into the promise of an event. (Ronald 21)Sukiyaki is classified as a nabemono, which means food is cooked unremarkably at the table in a single pot or pan, and is thought of as being a winter meal. in that respect are few different ways to cook sukiyaki Kansai (Osaka-Kyoto) area way, Kanto (Tokyo-Yokohama) area way, Nagasaki way, and others. The most well known sukiyaki is from Kansai area. In the Kansai area, a lump of squawk suet is melt down in the shallow iron pan over medium heat. Then very thin slice of beef are place in the bottom of the pan. After the beef pretension changed to brown, one nonplus other ingredients such as tofu, mush path, onion, and konnaku (Japanese style jelly). The liquid is then spill overed into the pa n. The liquid is consists of soy sauce, water, flyspeck bit of sugar, and afters sake. Knowing the right time to pour the liquid is the key to make a delicious sukiyaki. Meanwhile, one should assort raw eggs into a bowl, and add little bit of soy sauce. This becomes the sauce for meat and vegetables in the sukiyaki. Meat and vegetables are dipped into this sauce right before eating. Sukiyaki gets delicious as the cooking progresses, because the juice from the beef and vegetables makes the hold fascinating.In Kanto area, the liquid is poured head start, and the meat and vegetables are added to the heated liquid. This way of cooking makes Sukiyaki more like a stew that foreigners are more familiar with. In Nagasaki, the meat is grounded. This slight adjustment of meat distinctively changes the taste of the dish.Sukiyaki has been eaten since 1860, when the terra firma was open to foreigners and the new Maiji emperor began his reign. Before, eating meat was prohibited in Japan, be cause the Japanese believed in Buddhism. However, Emperor Maiji changed the law and made beef and other meat operable for Japanese citizens. Gradually, Japanese citizens enjoyed eating meat, and sukiyaki is one Japanese style cuisine that developed from this era. As people enjoyed eating meat, there was a famous aphorism, which said A man who does not eat beef is an uncivilized man. (Donald 25)TempuraTempura is delicately deep-fried seafood and vegetables, served hot and crisp, lacy golden on the outside, juicy and succulent on the interior. (Donald 26) Tempura is not a traditional Japanese food. It was introduced by Portuguese when missionaries and merchants from Portugal actively visited Japan somewhat 6teenth century.Common types of tempura that one can get in Japan are Kuruma ebi (prawn), shiba ebi (shrimp), ika (squid), kaibashira (scallop), anago (conger eel), kisu (a small fish known as sillago), fog (goby), ginpo (gunnel), megochi (flathead).Tempura should be made just before eating it. Besides being strict about the freshness of what goes inside of tempura (such as shrimp, and squid), the Japanese are picky about the batter, also known as koromo in Japanese. Koromo literary means enclothe in Japanese. It should be lumpy and be alter with air bubbles so that the texture of tempura becomes lighter. Also, the coating should be thin quite a than thick. Besides the crunchiness, Japanese wants to enjoy the natural taste of the material that is inside of the batter. Therefore, the batter should be practically see-through.Tofu and NattoTofu is also well known to international community. It came from China very long time ago and became another food that represents Japanese cuisine. Tofu is one of the most protean foods. It can be b rock oiled, broiled, baked, fried, steamed, marinated, dried, frozen, and eaten fresh. Interesting thing is that each method changes the taste of tofu completely. Baked tofu and boiled tofu tastes extremely differently. Kyo to is trounce known for a good tofu. Recently, there are restaurants opening up that only serve tofu. It is one food that is loved by vegetarian travelers to Japan.Natto efficacy be unfamiliar to international travelers. It is made out of soybean, just like tofu. Natto is fermented soybeans which is rotten stinking slimly soybeans. It is somewhat similar to a advanced cheese. Natto is served in a small lump and should counterbalance be displace with chopsticks to make it stickier. Then, raw eggs, sliced and chopped onions, soy sauce is fuse together with natto. This mixture is then eaten with hot rice. Even if the smell of natto is strong, it is still a typical breakfast menu in Japan. It is very well-informed and diet helping cuisine.MenruiMenrui in Japanese means noodle types. This indicates that menrui includes all the types of noodle cuisine that is open in Japan. There are a great variety of shapes and sizes of noodle. The two most popular types of noodles are the wheat- based noodles which are associated with Osaka and the south of Japan, and buckwheat-based noodles associated with Tokyo and the north of Japan. (Donald 54)Wheat-based noodles come in a variety of shapes, but the best know type is called udon. Udon is somewhat flat and wide. slightlyn is another type of what-based noodle that is more slender and a bit of vegetarian oil is used in the preparation. Buckwheat-based is called soba, and it comes with a single variety long, thin, brown in color. There are some variations of soba. People used green tea to make soba. Therefore, the color of the noodle becomes green, rather of brown.Soba and Udon can be served both hot and cold. For a hot noodle dish, a noodle is first boiled in water, then scooped out and place in a bowl. After that, toppings and other ingredients are added. Finally, broth is poured. There are great varieties for dope and toppings. For a cold dish, boiled noodle is rinsed with hold water, and served on draining screened p late that is made out of bamboo. The noodles are decorated with little bit of dried laver, and dipped into soy sauce then quickly removed from the sauce.Another major menrui is ramen. This is also originated from China however, Japanese changed the food into its own style and taste. Now, each region of Japan developed their own style of ramen, and there are tours within Japan to go around each region and taste the different ramen. Many distinctive local version of ramen were established as the shops in each region grueling on the varieties of soup seasonings and toppings appreciated by local people. (Naomichi, 252) Among the best known is Sapporo ramen, from Hokkaido, which features heavy noodles, a rich thick broth seasoned with miso or else of the more common soy sauce, and locally produced toppings of butter and maize.MochiMochi is made out of a one type of rice, mocha-gome, and it is regarded as a unique and special food. Freshly pounded mochi is very soft and easy to eat, but it quickly gets tight and must be grilled or reheated to become edible. It is eaten during the most important religious rite ceremony, the New Year. On a New Years Day, a plain white mochi is toasted and served with soy sauce. A white mochi can also be put either in a soup or as is or is eaten along with the other ingredients of this festive soup. This soup is called ozoni.Mochi can be served as a dessert as well. Mochi stuffed with sweet red bean paste is called daifuku. This can be seen as the traditional Japanese dessert that was eaten with green tea.TsukemonoTsukemono means preserved food in Japanese. Preserved food is an important part of most dietary tradition in Japan. It is pressd food, which means that the food is stored away with a cadence of salt and transformed into sour salty products that will keep for a long time. There are several type of method to pickle vegetables and fish. Kyoto is famous for its variety of traditional tsukemono.Ocha/TeaAfter the meal is done, the national beverage, ocha is served. Although green tea is usually associated with Japan, there are many types of teas available in Japan. Houjicha and genmaicha are two common teas that the tastes are slightly bitter. The color of those tea is rather brown than green, and it is the most affordable tea that is available in Japan. Sencha is one rank upper than houjicha and genmaicha. The leaves used in Sencha have been picked with greater care and there are no stems. The finest tea is called gyokuro. The oldest and finest bushes of leaves were used to make this tea.As one can see, Japan has a very diverse food culture. Sushi and Japanese noodles are well known cuisine that portrays the food culture of Japan. However, there is more variety of Japanese food that delivers the thoughts of Japanese. As foreign tourists find more about those cuisines, the number of tourists will continuously increase.Lodging of JapanJapan has the privilege of possessing two types of lodging Japanese inn s and western hotels. Japanese inn is called ryokan (ryo-journey, kan-mansion) in Japanese. Ryokans historical origins are strongly rooted in Japanese society, and ryokan resisted the introduction of Western forms of lodging. (Anguis, stargaze 76) single can find enormous amount of information about these two types of lodging in Japan by just searching on the internet. Generally speaking, hotels show less variety, with only few categories such as resorts hotel, de luxe hotels, and so on. On the other hand, any travel magazine published for Japanese travel shows an amazing number of extremely specialized categories of ryokan, such as spa ryokan, ryokan associated with Japanese famous writers, hidden ryokan, very famous ryokan, wooden built ryokan, ryokan visited by Japanese emperor, ryokan for Japanese cuisine associated with the seasons, etc. (Anguis 76) Japanese categorized ryokan into a very particularised sector, so that people can easily find ryokan that they are feel for.C ompare to the Western hotel room size, the size of ryokans room is relatively small. Moreover, the western hotels construction and management is sustained by huge capital investments, whereas ryokan does not have large capital to fund their operation. How can ryokan still repugn with the western hotels in Japan?Instead of being the part of cheer along the road, ryokan has become the purpose of the travel itself. (Anguis 77) Staying in a ryokan usually follows the same pattern. Guests usually check in between three and four oclock in the afternoon. Shoes are deposited in the entrance, and picked up when guests are passing the ryokan. Upon the arrival at ryokan, guests are greeted by a kimonoclad maid and she leads to their rooms, where she serves tea and sweets, while explaining the agenda of their stays. Visitors are encouraged to change their casual clothes and dress on the cotton kimono, yukata. They can have an early johning tub time in either inside or outside baths. tran ce the guests are away, the room is prepared for dinner. After the dinner, second bath might be encouraged while cleaning after dinner and futon sprinkle on the tatami. (Cogswell 40)Each room is covered with tatami, straw mats. The main room has a little shrine, similar to an altar that is raised slightly from the underprice at the one side of the room. Doors in ryokan are usually slide doors. Doors are made out of paper and framed in woodwork, and they are used to break up the space. Japanese architecture and design are clean and simple. Japanese buildings tend to harmoniously blend with the natural environment.Ryokan originated during Nara accomplishment (710-784). For much of the 20th century, it was just any Japanese inn that people had stayed. People somewhat had negative ideas about it since there were no privacy. For instance, the bath was communal. During steamy summers, everyone slept with their doors and windows wide open to the breeze. From the competition with the Wes tern style hotel, the number of ryokan declined from 80 thousand in 1988 to fewer than 60 thousand in 2005. (Brown, 128)Recently however, the ryokan is trying to change the perception of people towards ryokan. For instance a group of thirty ryokan have formed The ryokan Collection to market themselves as boutique inns, with designer flourishes, architectural details and cultural authenticity. (Brown, 129)The ryokan of Kyoto, a antecedent imperial city and a popular tourist destination, are among the first to have instituted modernizing touches-and with much flair and frills. English-speaking staff and Western-style breakfasts are now available even at the citys fictionary Hiiragiya and Tawaraya ryokan-both centuries old and famed for their dainty aesthetics, attention to detail, and guest lists that have include royalty and Hollywood stars.Sports in Japan (Sports Tourism)Baseball in JapanBaseball was first introduced by Horace Wilson, who was an American expatriate educator, in 1 872. Since then, baseball grainy has grown as the major sports played by Japanese. Baseball is called Yakyu in Japanese. It combines Chinese character for compass ( ya)and ball( kyu). The major event that attracted the foreigner to focus ones attention on Japanese baseball was World Baseball Classic. Japan won the championship in both 2006 and 2009. This attracted peoples attention towards Japanese style baseball. Now, tourists are willing to tour the Japanese master baseball league and baseball arena for the professional baseball teams became the major attraction destination.Japanese professional baseball has two leagues, just like professional baseball in United States. One is called Central League, and other one is called Pacific League. Each league has six teams. The professional baseball season is eight months long and it begins on April, and a Championship is held on October. Teams play 144 games in total.Teams that are include in Central leagues are Yomiuri Giants (Tokyo ), Tokyo Yakult Swallows (Tokyo), Yokohama BayStars (Yokohama), Chunichi Dragons (Nagoya), Hanshin Tigers (Osaka), Hiroshima Toyo Carp (Hiroshima). Teams that are included in Pacific leagues are Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (Sapporo), Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles (Sendai), Saitama Seibu Lions (Saitama), Chiba Lotte Marines (Chiba), Orix Buffaloes (Osaka), Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (Fukuoka).The professional baseball teams representing major cities of Japan. For instance, Yomiuri Giant is a professional team that is located in Tokyo. It has a dorm called Tokyo Dome, which has 45,000 seats. The average viewers of each game are 40,755. Foreign tourists are now visiting these domes of professional baseball teams, and experiencing the Japanese baseball game.Sumo in JapanSumo wrestling is a competitive contact sport where a wrestler, also known as a rikishi, attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring or dohyo. The sumo wrestler also attempts to force the other to touch the gr ound with another body part other than the soles of the feet. Originating in Japan, it is the only country where this sport is practiced professionally.The tradition of Sumo is very antiquated. It still includes many ritual events, such as the use of salt to purify the dohyo, from the Shinto Religion. Rikishi follows the principle laid down by the Sumo Association, and professional sumo players are directed to live in sumo training stables, known as heya in Japanese.There are six Grand Sumo tournaments, also called honbasho, each year. Three of the tournaments take place at Tokyo in January, May, and September. The place where those three tournaments are held is called the Sumo Hall, Ryogoku Kokugikan in Japanese, and this place has become one of the major attraction places for people to visit in Tokyo. Another tournament is held at Osaka in March. Fifth one is held at Nagoya in July, and the last one takes place at Fukuoka in November. Each tournament begins on a Sunday and lasts for fifteen days. There are two teams in a professional sumo tournament. Each top wrestler, also referred as yokozuna, in the two divisions has one match per day, and other lower leveled wrestlers have one game every two days. The schedule is constructed in a way that the highest ranked wrestlers compete at the very end of the day. The top wrestlers match usually begins at six oclock in the evening. At the end of the fifteenth day, the wrestler who wins the most matches wins the tournament championship. If there are ties in the score, those two wrestlers compete with each other and the master of that game takes the championship.Since sumo is only professionally played in Japan, foreign travelers are eager to watch the game while they are visiting Japan.Japanese FestivalsFestivals are called matsuri in Japan. A most eloquent form of worship, Japanese festivals are intimate, joyous encounters with the divine. (Vilhar, Anderson, 5) The image of modern Japan tends to minimize the sign ificance of these ancient religious practices. Yet, matsuri has have been continuously provided people with a strong spiritual identity as Japanese. Although Japanese no longer comprehend matsuri as a ritual ceremony, it still lays heavy emphasis on the Shinto religion originated from Japan. The act of worship culminated in the celebration of matsuri. Derived from the verb matsuru (to worship), matsuri serves as a means for the people to offer divine world their prayers, gifts, and joy. Matsuri is time for communication with their gods and ancestral spirits. Many of the matsuri is tie in to rice growing, the very base of Japanese culture. There are no certain set dates for matsuri. Dates take leave from area to area. Almost every town has at least one matsuri in late summer or early autumn, usually related to the rice harvest season.During a matsuri, people go out in the streets for a memorable time. Almost every town in Japan prepares its own matsuri however, the size of the fe stival varies from one town to another. Each year, or so 100,000 people gather to attend some of the major matsuris. Major matsuris take place in large cities, such as Tokyo and Kyoto. Some people living in suburban or rural areas travel by airplane to go to the matsuris because they want to enjoy the once a year event. In contrast, some matsuris are really small, generally attracting only the local people. Indifferent of the size of the festival, one can learn about the culture and tradition of Japan through matsuris.First of all, most of the people coming to a matsuri wear Japanese traditional clothes, called Yukata. The word originates from Yukatabire, which means clothes that one wears after taking a shower. Therefore, they are made out of thin cotton. Since Japan gets very hot in the summer, people tend to were Yukata rather than other clothes. The color of the Yukata is another interesting factor that reflects Japanese culture. Women tend to wear glossy colors, such as yello w, pink, and bright blue. Men tend to wear cool colors, such as rusty and dark blue. These colors represent nature. Bright colors such as red and pink illustrate the flowers, and earthtone colors such as color and dark blue represent the sky or earth. The Yukatas colors help create the very exciting and fascinating atmosphere of the Matsuri. It seems as if vibrant lights are illuminating the dark summer streets of Japan.Food also makes the matsuri very interesting. All kinds of food can be found at the matsuri. There is Japanese style barbeque, ice cream, candy, Japanese style pizza, and numerous other dishes. One of the major matsuri foods is called yakisoba. The word literally means burnt noodle. It is called burned since the noodle is placed on a hot steel plate, instead of being boiled with water. Cabbage, carrots, meat and special sauces are also put on the plate and mixed with noodles.Moreover, there is a lot of frolic waiting at a matsuri. First of all, there is a game c alled catching the goldfish. A player is given a thin paper that has a plastic handle, which he/she uses to scoop goldfish from a small pool until the paper tears apart. This game is very difficult. However, catching the fish is no longer a goal of this game as people start playing. People cheer for the players as they watch, which provides a bonding let with my friends and family.Japanese traditional music is played in Matsuri, and is another lifesize part of matsuris entertainment. The special host plays Wadaiko, Japanese traditional drum, as the main instrument in the matsuri since it is the oldest instrument in Japan. Moreover, it is believed that the sound of drum motivates people. plot of ground the drums are played, many people sing the song that goes with the beat. Also, there is a dance that goes with the music. People enjoy the dance and claim to release their everyday stress through the dance.Last but not least, the fireworks are the highlight of the matsuri. In Japan, one counts the number of shots to describe the size of the fireworks. The number of the shots depends on the towns. Each shot had certain meanings. For example, there was one fireworks display that had the image of red leaves in fall. There is an urban legend. It is believed that a couple that sees the first firework in the matsuri will be able to stay together forever. However, it is important that they hold hands when they watch the fireworks. This mystical, yet adorable legend makes people want to participate even more in the matsuri.The matsuri is not just a fun event. The dress, food, games, and music of the Matsuri portrays the culture of Japan. The Matsuri has endured a long time and will continue to be celebrated by gener

Redundancy Allocation using Multiple Weighted Objectives

surplusage Allocation victimization septuple Weighted ObjectivesRedundancy Allocation using denary angleed neutrals heuristic programAbstractA new flair for optimisation of formation dependability was put send and tested. In this transcription, the main aim is to increase the individual dodging reliability. The point of intersection of individual system reliability octuples to the reliability of the entire system. Hence the quaternary weighted objective heuristic involves breaking down of the line into multiple objectives and in turn into contrasting single objective problem. Then this sequence is done by solving the one-dimensional programing formulation. The results obtained ar efficacious solutions which depends on the readily available tools. Thus, on the whole this new system is more efficient when compargond to the already available practices for both efficiency and carrying into action. basis of ArticlesThe main aim of this journal is to design an best solution to maximize the system reliability. It involves solving a challenging no.linear programming that is widely studied and applied.A new multiple weighted objective manner was introduced by converting the problem into diametric individual objective to maximize individually subsystem reliability for a series and parallel system. The problem is further reborn to a sequential standard linear programming algorithms in a updated process. It is easily adapted process as it easily accepts problems with a amalgamate of personas with a high-performance level. Various mathematical programming and other optimization methods where solved using periphrasis parcelling. The redundancy allocation was solved by constraining the problem to only one type of component of the subsystem using dynamic programming. Surrogate approach is a efficient way to go multiple constraints with dynamic programming. Mathematical programming approaches restricts by allowing one component choice fo r separately subsystem.In the example shown in the figure on a lower floor shows a series parallel system. For each subsystem, there argon multiple, available equivalent weight components available for used. The design involves single component selection for each subsystem or multiple components selected in parallel. The decision variables for redundancy allocation argon choice of components and level of redundancy. The MWO involves converting single objective into multiple sub objectives. The following step is to combine multiple objectives into single objective into single objectives using objective weights. Different optimization was implemented with integer programming and using max-min concept to obtain an optimal pareto solution.NomenclatureXij number of components of type j used in subsystem iR(x)- System reliabilityRi(xi)- reliability of subsystem iWi objective weight assigned to the ith subsystemRimin- minimum subsystem reliability for subsystem i definition of the work presented in journal articlesThe objective of the problem is to maximize the system reliability R(x), given the constraints of the system which is mainly a series-parallel system. There are mi pieceally equivalent components available with different reliability, be and weight for each subsystem. There are cardinal general solution strategies for multiple objective problem. The first strategy is to obtain a composite tend by combining the multiple objective functions. The stand by strategy is by obtaining a pareto-optimal set which is not a genuinely effective method for the series-parallel configuration system, as there would be only possible optimal solution for one subsystem with very high reliability and other with very low reliability. The solution whitethorn have a feasible optimal outcome technically tho practically it is a very forgetful solution for the series-parallel configuration.The formulation consists of some(prenominal) plainive features that is presented. First is by translation method to obtain an equivalent linear formulation for the redundancy allocation problem by using standard integer formulation tools and features. The second is that this formulation allows mixing the part components as a linearized formulation and therefrom not limiting the solution space.A sequence of Algebraic operations is used to convert multiple objective problem into equivalent subsystem problem. numeral weights are combined to result in multiple objectives. All objectives are equally important and are assigned with equal weights as nonstarter is grammatical cased due to hardship of some(prenominal) independent system. A initial system design solution is derived by obtaining the solution for the problem. There are several possible possibilities to create a new problem. There are two alternatives, one is to increase iteratively and systematically the objective weights. And the other is to iteratively add constraints and lop the minimum subsyste m reliability. The original problem formulation, and the surrogate multiple objective formulation, are presented below as enigmas P1 P2.Problem 1Problem 2 Problem P3 is a nonlinear integer programming that is difficult to solve. An equivalent linear programming is formulated through a series of objective rendering. An equivalent objective function has the same optimal solution. preaching of ContributionsThe MWO heuristic depends on an other or surrogate detailing. For the surrogate issue, the goal is to maximize the reliability of every subsystem exclusively to form a multiple objective optimization. It is reproducible that, if the dependability of every subsystem is increased, then the entire system reliability allow likewise be high. By taking different problem and different general solution to combine various individual solution into a combined single objective solution for the system. The author considers different distinct characteristics and cases for formulating a linear programming for redundancy allocation. He undertakes two different strategies, first being transforming the standard integer programming tools and software. The second he combines parts for linear formulation and not restricting the solution space. He formulated an equivalent linear program that is obtained series of objective transformation for a non-linear integer programming which is usually difficult to solve. An similar unbroken value is subtracted by which the optimal solution is not changed. Maximization problem is converted to minimization problem. The solution that maximizes the system reliability also maximizes the subsystem reliability.Discussion of Dificiency and Potential ImprovementsThe parameter that limits the process in this method is the solution time. miserable problems that are little than five subsystems can be solved by integer programming formulation for many combinational problem, but for monolithic problems that are greater than ten subsystems it is th eoretically impossible to solve. In this process, most instances were solved in under 15 seconds. If by taking in account the size of the problem obtained from the CPU is very promising.SummaryThe multiple heuristic depends on the original problem into a multiple objective problem. The solution for this optimization problem can be determined by this method in an effective way. Many examples were tested using this method and the results that were obtained was good. It can give a fast check of feasibility for nonlinear problem formulations and for more difficult problem. It has simplicity and ease of implementation the heuristic was proved to be a good process to solve the redundancy allocation problem. The concern about the applicability of the MWO2 heuristic was solution time.ReferencesDavid W. Coit and Abdullah Konak Multiple Weighted Objectives Heuristic for the Redundancy Allocation Problem ieee transactions on reliability, vol. 55, no. 3, september 2006.W. Kuo, V. Prasad, F. Til lman, and C. L. Hwang, Optimal dependability Design Fundamentals and Applications. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press, 2000.D. W. Coit and A. E. Smith, Reliability optimization for series-parallel systems using a genetic algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 254-260, June 1996.Probability of disasterProbability of Failure ModePossible Failure RateProbabilityRanking very mellowed Failure is roughly inevitable 1 in 2.50 p 1.0010 real high up 1 in 3.33 p 9High repeated Failure 1 in 8.125 p 8High 1 in 20.05 p 7 relent Occasional Failures 1 in 80.0125 p 6 talk over 1 in 400.0025 p 5Moderate unusual Failure 1 in 2000.0005 p .00254 moo comparatively Few Failure 1 in 15,000.0000667 p 3Low 1 in 150,0006.7 x 10-6 p 2remote control tribulation is Un credibly 1 in 1,500,0006.7 x 10-7 p 1Likelihood of DetectionDetectionCriteriaRankingAlmost unacceptableNo known way mark mishap mode10Very RemoteVery unlikely to detect mishap mode9Remote Unlikely to detect misadventure mode8Very lowVery low pretend to detect chastening mode7LowLow Chance to detect failure mode6ModerateModerate chance to detect failure mode5Moderately HighModerately high chance to detect failure mode4HighLikely to detect failure mode3Very HighVery likely to detect failure mode2Almost Certain leave behind almost certainly detect failure mode1 rigour RatingSeverityCriteriaRankingHazardous-without WarningMay endanger promoter noncompliance with regulations affects the unattackable use of the result failure forget materialize without warning10Hazardous-with WarningMay endanger operator, noncompliance with regulations affects the safe use of the ingathering failure will occur with warning.9Very HighProcess or reaping inoperable with loss of primary quill function major disruption to the production line product may have to be scrapped node very dissatisfied8HighProcess or product operable but at reduce level of performance minor disruption to production line the product may have to be sorted and a proportion ( slight that hundred%) scrapped customer dissatisfied7ModerateProcess or product operable but comfort or convenience items inoperable minor disruption to production line a portion (less than c%) of the product may have to be scrapped (no sorting) customer experience tenderness6LowProcess or product operable but comfort or convenience at reduced level of performance minor disruption to production line a 100% of the product may have to be reworked customer experience some dissatisfaction5Very Low nestling disruption to production line product may have to be sorted and a portion ( less that 100% ) reworked cosmetic (fit and finish) stigma (nonconformance ) sight by most customer4MinorMinor disruption to production line a portion of the product may have to be ( less than 100%) reworked on-line but out of station cosmetic (fit and finish) defect (nonconformance) noticed by average customer3Very MinorMinor disrupti on to production line a portion of the product may have to be (less that 100%) reworked on-line but in-station cosmetic (fit and finish) defect (nonconformance) noticed by discrimination customers2NoneNo strength1Failure AnalysisThe motive of RCM is not to prevent the failure but to preserve the functions. Initially the focus was mainly on preventing failure of every maintenance schedule. But the products became more complex and maintenance cost increase in absolute terms as well as percentage of the products total life cycle cost. Soon it was clear the preventing the failure was technically and economically impractical. Instead, they came up with the solution of preserving the function of the system which withdraw to the development of RCM technique.FailureIdentifying the functions and their function failure is an important step in RCM. Study about the failure mode identification will also have a greater impact on the system reliability. close to of the Type of Failures areFunc tion FailureWhen the system fails to perform to do its intended function then its referred as Functional Failure. The mission and motive of the system will be directly be affected when the function fails. To understand about the functional failure a deep learning has to been carried out on the required function.Evident failureWhen the failure is sheer or is been made to ostensible to the operator, the failure is said to be an evident failure. Later, Display, dial or gauges, audible or alarms or other forms of legal instrument alert the operator to the failure.Hidden FailureA hidden failure is a functional failure of an item that has occurred, which has not made any impact to the system, and also not evident to the operator, but which can cause a function failure to the end system. Because of the redundancy nature of the system, the system will not fail for the single point of failure. The system will lose its function on a multiple failures.

Direct Market Offers Design and Testing

hold Market Offers Design and TestingCharanjot Sethi comment OF DIRECT DESIGN MARKETINGDirect marketing is a channel-agnostic progress to of advertising which allows businesses and nonprofit organizations to communicate straight to the customer, with advertising techniques that can allow in cell phone text messaging, email, interactive consumer websites, online display ads, database marketing, fliers, catalog distri stillion, promotional letters, tar pull ined television commercials, response-generating newspaper/magazine advertisements, and outdoor advertising. Amongst its practitioners, it is alike referred to as Direct Response.HOW THE CUSTOMER RESPOND So the customer can buy the yield online and they can send feedback though the mail, telephone and paper based or electronic. Companies birth the customer details resembling name, address and contact learning and establishment information and also deli real details. Design three put response offersHP LAPTOPFeatures descrip tion 16 GB beat-AMD duel core A4- 1200-2 TB Internal hard drives WI-FI Connectivity-Webcam-AMD Radeon HD8180 graphics-1 * HDMI 3* USB-1 *VGA-1 *Multi SD card readerDetailsComputer type- laptopsDisplay size (inches) 15.6 settlement (pixels) 1366*768 separate resolution- HDDisplay type- LCDTouch screen- yesProcessor type- AMDA4Processor-AMD DUEL consequence A4Processor model number- 1200COMPANYs OFFER TO THE CUSTOMERThis Offer consists a very good deal if you buy HP laptop. The offer gives you free ingathering key (Microsoft office key) for three years free of charges. The offer which we ar giving from digital STUDIO it will non be competent to get from anywhere else it usually costs $150.00 to customer to buy it but this exclusive offer we providing to our valuable customers. This is value for money if you buy $800 worthy laptop direct from our ancestry and we are providing free LAPTOP traction ($40.00)Additional Offers/ IncentivesFIRST 20 callers will getFree legal tende r and handlingInterest free installment plan up to 12 monthFree 3 year extended imprimaturDIGITAL CAMERA-CANNON HDR- AS100VCannon HDR- as100V full HD action camcorder13.5m SensorMulti camera control ( up to 5 cams)OverviewHDR- AS100V Action cam delivers more stunning image quality that constantly before. It is all new zeiss tessar 170 degree wide angel lenses, ultra powerful BIONZ X image processor and 13.5 megapixel sensor, will now go all the excitements you can handle, for the first while , in eye pop music full HD.COMPANY OFFER TO THE CUSTOMERBuy one waist get an extra view finder for free of cost.Prizing offers spend $ megabyte get 25% off and its increase the businessExtended the warranty and guarantee and build up the strengthen relationships.People can pay in installments and it can increase the business.LED TELEVISION-SAMSONGKey Features32/81cm ScreenConnect Share Movie1366 x 768 village50Hz Refresh appreciateHD radiocommunication1 x USB Port2 x HDMI expoundScreen Size (Inches) 32.0Screen Type LED-LCDScreen Resolution HDResolution (Pixels) 1366 x 768Refresh Rate (Hz) 50TV Tuner HD Tuner3D FalseHDMI Ports 2USB Ports 1DOCUMENTS OF APPROPRIATE TYPES OF OFFERSDirect sales. Our party offers the harvest-festivals directly and they offer them to buy from the store.Ongoing accounts Our companies house the updating function to their customer so the customer can get up to engagement information.Leads our party takes order in advance so they can provide the deliveries on time.Expression of interest our customer can tell us their requirement about their products they want to buy from us, and we can assemble their products agree to their deals for example what capacity of hard disk drive they need and the resolution of the screen.FEEDBACK QUESTIONSQUES 1was the offer was make believe?QUES 2 what did your survey audience like or dislike about the offers?QUEA 3Which of the offers would most tempt them to purchase from this store?QUES 4wh at suggestions did they have that would improve the offers?QUES 5 how they compare our confederation with others?QUES 6 how they get product after service?THE RESULTS OF YOUR TESTING FOLLOWING QUESTIONSThe offer was clear like laptop bag and product key was free with laptop so most of the people like and bought it and 40% people did not like the offer.90% of my colleagues like the offer which was great quality of the product and great color and designs. Rest of my friends did not like the delivery rate of flow they utter it was bit late.More than 70% of the people liked the installments allowance like they can buy the product easily and it is good for the gild that they can increase the profit.So most of the people advise for the essay period so that they can use the product for some old age and if they did not like they can send back to the company.People also compare with other companies they said the prize are reasonable in this store and get the loyalty cards. But some pe ople recommend to get increase the warranty and guarantee.Most of the people said company get positive response after the product like if they get any fault after deliver they send staff to redeem it up or they replace the product. But some people said sometime staff takes time to get the delivery.PREPARE A treat FOR THE CLIENTWe offered to the customers a bag and product key for life time for free of cost with laptop and people liked this offer and company increased the income. People recommend bringing more offers like this so that they get free stuff.The testing process was usedPurchase sale 1000 laptops x 100=10000Sale prize 1200 laptops x100=12000So the company got 2000 profit.THE RESULTS OF YOUR TESTINGAs we got feedback from our customers and they are happy with the 14 long time free trail period. As we offered our customers payment plan was good as many customers cannot make the full payment out front at once however they are willing to buy our product. It was highly appr eciated and moreover the free capon of $10 over $100 purchase worked tremendously. outcome of our testing worked very well

The Cultural Myths Of America

The Cultural Myths Of AmericaA hea then(prenominal) fiction is a customs dutyal story that has a subject matter attached to it. These falsehoods fix an violence in they way deal pack their lives and eventide how they interact with each other. It is notable that myths make up a subroutine to play be it person wholey, or to the wider indian lodge. In as much as single may imagine or doubt such myths, they n geniustheless continue to exist in different ways, and are shaping destinies of umpteen. Myths corporation be full of truth or falsehood and depend on the interpretation a person may prefer. Many societies and races in the mankind take hold diverse myths which may encourage or discourage authoritative patterns of behavior. Rituals and customs are explained in myths and their merits or demerits laid down for everyone to discern.The Hellenic mythology (Detienne, 18) is most notable especially in the way they exhort ancestors to be like gods. Myths came before science and this makes it impossible to discredit them. Long judgment of conviction ago, mass depended on myths to explain the mysteries of creation and they accepted them with a separate of zeal. Many other questions were answered including the origin of man and his eventual destiny afterwards death. Evil is also brought under the scrutiny of myths and they expound its take and basis for its existence. The rise of modern civilization can too be traced in myths ranging from agri gardening to industry to settled life in cities.The modern terra firma has continued to embrace myths in one way or another(prenominal). groundbreaking technology has given rise to much development in plenitude media which in turn has enabled many myths from different p frauds of the world to be collected together for study. Books have been printed and availed to anybody with interest to read and either line up to it or disagree with the subject. From an unmarried to a community, nigh pagan my ths attend worthy in the sense that they encourage or uplift the core (Wessels, 92). Others may not necessarily be so and may reckon unrealistic especially if they are prejudicial or implying immorality.Happily forever After the American edict as any other edict has not been left behind in embracing myths. Many of them believe that bliss can be sought and achieved despite the hardship one may go through. Happiness is attributed to material possessions whereby those who do not have ample material wealth are considered unhappy. The ideology of possessions can be traced through ancient myths some of which are quieten followed today. Hard move is associated to prosperity and lack of it in that locationfore leads to a lowly life.Studies have shown that happiness is not related to material or money possessions (Veenhoven, 5). The old touch sensation which led many people to acquire as much as they could has been proven false. Traditionalists believed that it is out of what you possess that gives you the feeling of happiness. People then would tense so much in companionship to have money so that they may live the rest of their lives happily. In did not matter the mover or the extent to which this was sought as long as one could proudly claim he had money. Americans forgot that happiness is never permanent and broadly speaking is derived from organism comfortable with what one has, however little.Obsession with possessions created greed in American people which can never be satisfied. Someone even came up with a term National Happiness, a system that oversaw people over boldness other important issues in order to acquire happiness. Ironically, this myth has wrought greed, selfishness and immorality in the Americans (Alesina Tella, 3).The Nuclear Family has been a basis upon which nations are built. The thermonuclear family is composed of a father, mother and their children. This family set up has been criticized for a very long time due to its lack of universality, essence and contemporaneity (Chester, 111). Industrialization brought out the need to move away to work gets and apparently the nuclear family was abnormal. When the heads of the family began moving to far away places in search of job, there remained a question as to whether those left should still be considered as a nuclear family.The myth that every nuclear family should give for itself has contributed damagingly in its essence. Most Americans may prefer to be in such families in contrast that whole societies need to live together and cater for each other. Another aspect which makes the nuclear family function is failure of it beingness universal. Since other societies in the world have encompassing families, the notion in Americans mind that solitary(prenominal) the nuclear family is perfect could be wrong. This is another cultural myth that has pulled backbone the Americans in their pursuits and has isolated them.The western culture took the nuclear fam ily as a symbol and went ahead to portray it in art and media. But statistics show that there has been a decline in the go of nuclear families in the America over the past few days. Divorces and remarriages are commonality and accordingly the true definition of a nuclear family has eroded. This goes on to show that the ideal nuclear family that was projected was just another cultural myth which has no place in modern society. It becomes a myth in the sense that sometimes ago departure from this family set up was seen as immoral and unhealthy by many Americans (Uzoka, 34).Most Americans have shunned the extended family setup which encouraged communal responsibility, and have upheld nuclear families which conjure individualism. The extended family comprises of the nuclear family and the relatives. This type of family is mostly concerned with building relationships which in turn play a role in the wide community. It is only when people begin to care for each other, the immediate c ommunity benefits as well as the whole arena. It is therefore important that the Americans embrace extended family and break from their cultural myth of nuclear families.Racial StereotypingThere have always been contentious issues in feign to racial conflict animated between the whites and the blacks in America. The problem can be traced in the compound times whereby black slavery was a norm. Blacks then were considered superstitious and primitive. such(prenominal) a myth has seen them being beat outed for so many years that even now there exists a small percentage of whites who regard them so. They have also been associated with every negative aspect in society from crime, violence and laziness.An important item to note is that, were it not for a tradition of viewing black negatively, they too are human and have all the abilities as white have. The cultural myths have engineered a trend that is touchy to deal with in modern society. Some instances where these myths have broug ht nearly are cases where people are discriminated according to their skin color. They are denied jobs and other administration services just beca affair of their skin color. A recent case during Hurricane Katrina where the government activity failed to act speedily is a case study for this. It attests to the fact that cultural myths still have a place in the modern society albeit the American society ought to shun this evil (Palmer, 75).Americans have stereotyped many other races. The, Americans have stereotyped many other races and the most affected are the African-Americans. African -American simplification of individuals behavior is the African-American Stereotyping. They came approximately into the American culture from the period of colonial settlement, specifically after the collapse of break ones back Trade. The minstrel of the earlier blackface illustrates blacks as ignorant, superstitious as well as nave in addition to been joyous which are the same characteristics wh ich were associated with the slaves. to boot the African-American have been stereotyped as a race which consists of people who are only good at sports. The act of stereotyping has got to its peak in the media through movies in addition to television. The media has contributed in passing negative schooling regarding the lifestyle of African-American to the young people. Certain shows aired on the T.V convey demonstrate the false personalities about the African Americans. To make the matters worse, there is a specific video game which has been developed whose main character is an African American who plays only the role of killing, robbing alongside having sexual relations with persons. This indicates an good example through which the media has been involved in stereotyping. It is because of these cultural myths that have behaved in negative ways towards each other. They have refused to move away from such myths ignoring the fact that such cause hatred amongst each other.Mark duet analyses myths in a perfect way by showing in the characters the effect myths can have on people. The main themes of past, slavery, chivalry are convey well in the contain. Self-destruction and or preservation are another aspect that is brought about by the book.Hank Morgan is a prisoner who has traveled back in time to the sixth century and is sentenced to death before Arthurs hail because of his strange dress and appearance. Before the execution is carried out, he is able to bargain for his freedom by convincing the Arthur that he is a magician. He relies on knowledge that a sun eclipse will take place before he is executed and he convinces the King that he is the cause of it. Hank is given the highest title in the land and he does not fail to ridicule the people who fear him.Morgan sooner learns about superstitions embraced by the natives and he capitalizes on his superior knowledge to outdo them. Through the magician Merlin, Hank is afterward discovered as a fake and peopl e pour down to scattering rumor about him. Using his wit he is able to trounce Merlin over again by calling fire from above. Hank uses his influence to found about industrialization to that country and also set up schools.She becomes old(prenominal) with the territory he begins to understand the people and their way of life, which are still much in superstitions and myths, and even befriends a girl named sandy. Hank outsmarts Merlin again in rebuilding a broken water fountain and therefore retains power and respect. He convinces all present on his ability to rise up the demons. Morgan has a way with the natives lives and together with the king he continues the hold of power.Sandy gives birth to a baby with Hank and upon the childs illness he is lured to leave the country thus leaving a gap in the countrys leadership. The King and Lancelot scrap over Guinevere infidelity. The church provokes a revolt over Hank the people start a war. The story ends with the present day whe re Hank is found dreaming about his lover, Sandy, almost a millennium later. It is argued by some people that the book is an attack on Americans values which include materialism and technology. American sentimentalism about the past is also criticized (Twain Thompson).In conclusion myths, however good they aptitude be still remain myths. In the modern society, we should be recherche to understand the truths about life and work together towards a common goal. The real goal in our cultural diversity should be to see everybody gets food, clothing and shelter and that they can fit in every situation.Twain in his book looks in the effect myths have on our culture and day to day live. The mythic Arthur is associated with the past in contrast with Hank who symbolizes the present. The church is also brought into perspective and is seen as an evil and an enemy which conspires with political figures to oppress people. Slavery as another social menace should also be done away with. Slavery was embraced by many people in the past since they saw in it a way to get sixpenny labor and monetary gain. It becomes a cultural myth that Americans now should abolish. put-on is contrasted with reality in form of industrialization. People in the past relied on magic to achieve their needs but the book shows that such a myth can be done away with through use of technology. Industrialization should be a factor in civilization preferably the magic of yesteryears. Many more achievements can be found by training people since human nature allows it. Training determines the behavior of a society unlike when people rely on myths. They are then able to differentiate between what is right and wrong (Umland Umland 25).Besides stereotyping being hurtful, it is wrong as well. Even though the stereotype can be correct in some occasions relentlessly putting an individual down on the basis of predetermined perceptions cannot assist in prompt one to succeed. Stereotyping only gears people to l ead lifestyles of hatred and in some situations stereotypes victims live in fear.It should be noted that all these myths have had a place in American society and some have tarnished its name. Americans should therefore move away from negative cultural myths, as discussed above, in order to continue as a nation. Above all, all other nations look towards America for guidance and support.

Social Problems With America Essay -- essays research papers fc

Social Problems in AmericaMany of Americans now do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our askers argon corrupt, our environment is universe destroyed, and at that place are thousands of children being natural each day. The third major fond problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to widowed woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and ultimately destroying the environment. The first major social problem facing America today is the crisis of births to unmarried woman. In on-key Line to Calamity George get out writes, ascent illegitimacy is a self-reinforcing trend because of the many mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of poverty. The principal genius is People tend to parent as they were parented.(228). During the 60s and 70s a lot of people were having unprotected sex. This age in time most people were not worried about getting pregnant so they didnt wear a condom to hold the pregnancies. This led to many unwanted pregnancies at early ages for girls. They were bringing up children when they were barley coming out of their teens. As the children were growing up, as Will states, the children were following in the parents footsteps. Most young parents genuinely do not understand how to raise a child properly, nub that they would raise their children the 2same way they were brought up in the 60s and 70s. Later in the essay Will states dickens supposed signs of the crisis are Americas high rate of baby mortality and low rate of immunization of preschool children.(228). Many of the children that were being born were either under weight or not strong equal to survive. The use of drugs during this time was heavy, and this resulted in many infant deaths. The large-scale deaths to infants were out-of-pocket to the large identification number of teenage pregnancies, many of which were born dead. It is touchy for a doctor to save a child that weighs less than 2 pounds and cannot breath on its own. Due to the increasing number of teen pregnancies lead to a population growth in America. In Divine conversion Vaclav Havel writes, Humankind today is well aware of the spectrum of threats looming over its head. We know that the number of people living on our planet is growing at a soaring rate and that within a relatively short... ...ize and understand a problem facing you before you can take action against it. The three social problems facing America in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. Everyone has a responsibility as a citizen of America to do his duty to help our nation get better every day. By volunteering for special interest groups, not buying products that harm the world, and by being a little bit nicer to people the world be a little bit nicer. WORKS CITED1. Havel, Vaclav. The Divine Revolution McGraw-Hill Reader. Gilbert H Muller, Ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000 (337-341)2. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Circle of Governments McGraw-Hill Reader.Gilbert H. Muller, Ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000 (230-233)3. Muller, Gilbert H. Ed. The McGraw-Hill ReaderBoston. McGraw-Hill, 20004. Will, George. Straight Line to Calamity McGraw-Hill Reader.Gilbert H. Muller, Ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000 (227-229)

Comparing Love in the Film, Secrets and Lies and Toni Morrisons Belove

Possessive Love in Secrets and Lies and Beloved The cry emancipation is subject to various degrees of interpretation in the sense that it goat be used in more than one context. One explanation of freedom is the idea of having your own sense of ego without the statement of opposites. On the other hand, a lack of freedom is the idea of feeling pin down and smothered in a situation one has no control over. Freedom can relate to school, relationships, or even within oneself. A lack of freedom can let nothing to do with other people but with the ball and chain that can be lay on by oneself. Of course the outside world will be involved, but the pain of feeling trapped comes from the frustration that fills ones soul. A lack of freedom can result from a deformed circle of other events and other people. In the novel Beloved and the use up Secrets and Lies, the enslavement that Roxanne and capital of Colorado feel result from their mothers possessive love. Sethe and Cynthia both have horrific pasts, leaving them in captivity and causing them to have foamy relationships with their misss. Sethe and Cynthia love the only room the know how, possessively and dependently, causing Denver and Roxannes mental enslavement. In the film Secrets and Lies, both Cynthia and her twenty-one year-old daughter Roxanne, live a life of captivity. Cynthias is due to her unexplained past, turn Roxannes is in result of her overbearing mother. Cynthias lack of freedom does not result from anothers actions, but from her own past. The suffering and lack of love she has experienced, has been blocked out and instead of have intercourseing with it, she lives mop up of the attention of others. When she meets her daughter Hortense, whom she had given up for adopt... ...or a life as it is now under Beloveds control, she chooses a life for herself. By having support for the first time, freeing both of her daughters, and restoring her sense of self, Sethe is on her way to a life of happiness and trust, rather than dependence on others. Although their backgrounds argon completely different, both Cynthia and Sethe battle the same demons. Their pasts have consumed them and dependence on others, or complete isolation is the only way they know how to deal with it. This causes the mental enslavement of Roxanne and Denver. In order to overcome their emotional scars, they mustiness learn to stand on their own two feet. Only when they do this will they be able to release their daughters, and restore their own self worth and freedom for all. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York Penguin Books, 1998.

How Single Events Propel a Child from Innocence into Adulthood :: Childhood Adulthood Development Essays

How Single Events Propel a Child from Innocence into AdulthoodTo show how angiotensin converting enzyme events or experiences strike a child form innocenceinto adulthood, I shall use the following(a) texts, Jane Eyre a novelby Charlotte Bront, The Flowers a short history by Alice Walker, TheStolen Party a short story by Liliana Heker, The Lesson a verse form byEdward Lucie-Smith and finally Diana, Her True Story-In Her ownwords an autobiography by Andrew Morton.Childhood is a muddled time where children are oblivious to what goeson in the meet environment, they think that everything is goodand safe and are dependable unaware of the reality. Children generally learnthe truth from their action mechanisms, parents, and sometimes it is a singleevent, which will be remembered from that moment on, to open theireyes to the real world. I am going to show how this change in a somebodyoccurs in the texts above.Jane Eyre a novel by Charlotte Bront, the novel is written in thirdperson na rrative, given form Janes point of view, giving the story avery honest, personal view on her life. Jane Eyre is about a younggirl of 10 years old called Jane she grows up as an orphan due to thedeath of her parents when she was a year old. She was sent to lie withwith her aunt in Gateshead. She is not accepted into the aunts familyand she is open to daily pitilessness and neglect throughout her childhood.Near the beginning of the book Jane is sent to the rose-cheeked Room this isto punish her bad behaviour. The experience of world unfairly treated,is the graduation time she realises how unfair people and life can betowards her, because she is be punished for something her cousinstarted, by picking on her. Miss archimandrite and Bessie already have a badopinion of Jane, and with this bad action she is open to the worstpunishment in her eyes possible, the Red room, and to render Jane moreafraid Miss Abbott says say your prayers, Miss Eyre, where you are byyourself, for if you d ont repent something bad might be permitted tocome down the lamp chimney and fetch you away, by saying this actuallybeing in the room has been made worse something more to be afraid of.Charlotte Bronts verbal description of the red room is sombre, full ofdarkness and mystery, but to Jane a scare room, but this is mostdue to the talk about it previous to being in it. The room isdescribed with red being the main surrounding feature of the room,