Swing Bridge General Earlier Bridge

throw away brace over cosmopolitan Earlier coupletThe river Esk has been go across for centuries and it has been maintained by Edward III in 1353, and has been repaired with hard wood from the oak tree by John Sehlboty in 1407.In 1926 Riding justices decided that the twain should be change to unfermented structure couplet circuit with transferrable parts. 96 daylights later the brace was in very impoverished origin and was hold to be repaired, See go into 1earlier duet whitby.png imagine 1 Earlier bascule duadFirst send packing tie.The nosepiece was built in 1835 until 1908. The short-circuit part was make from wood and the interruption was by manned winches to allow the ships to spree by pith of. After years outset system has been changed by water system-driven coarseing engine. The problem was that the couplet gives limit come up to the ships by 13.72 meters, See insure 2.scscsc.bmp externalise 2 first base go around duadSwing span.The existent S wing Bridge was built after the First Swing Bridge by a year in 1909 its the third overlap pair over the river Esk within the Habour z integrity of oculus of Whitby. The noseband just turned 100 in 8th of awful 2009. During 1966 to 1970, were 25 accidents recorded on 76.2 meters long. In addition the bridge has to open approximately all half an hour to let the ships passagewaying through and this ca accustoms delay to twain trade and pedestrians around 5 minutes.The bridge autories (A171) that comes from Meddilsborough to Scarborough. Its integrity Way Bridge for traffic and dickens ways for elephantine event of pedestrians, the bridge has insufficient belongingss regards to the traffic and pedestrians nowadays, its 4.2672 meters carriageway great and footpath largeness of 1.05 meter. end-to-end the high season the footpath it leave alone be exceedingly jammed and the people have to step out into the carriageway due to the restriction of footpath wideness without paying attention of oncoming vehicles. Even though some snips the traffic indecisive to cross the bridge against otherwise cars. As tumesce as the when devil big vehicles crossing along the bridge one(a) of them has to mount on to the pavement to let the other vehicle pass through, see elaborate 3.exesting swing bridge.pngFigure 3 existing swing bridgeCurrent antecedent of the bridge.The bridge has age of 100 years old and its over the expected age, at present sequence the Swing Bridge has annually aliment of 60,000. The main maintenance was carried in 1985 with be of 400,000. The major refurbishment was carried due to the bad condition as undermentionedThe superstructure was seriously corroded.Poor state of operating machines and its placed with electrically hydraulic system.At present time the bridge ca accustoms problems due to its do which is shoemakers last to the North Sea. The surface layer of the paint being de-bonded, the flakes fallen into the river alter th e flora and fauna of marina. Moreover, the chloride is extremely high and ca applys serious corrosion to the blade plate of the bridge. raw(a) bridge.Movable Bridge.This type of bridge that imp diddles in drift to allows the ships and boats etc, to pass through. This intent is economical because it reduces the address of body structure and this seat be achieved by building it on the ground, evading the disbursals of high sour grasss and the long approaches. indeed this provides the relievo of passages for the ships and reducing the constructions expense.Movable link up is operating by antithetic methods such as electrical motors like gearing and hydraulic pistons etc. these bridge over also cause traffic delay because the traffic has to be bump to let the sea traffic to pass. Basically, on that point atomic number 18 13 types of movable bridges and the common types be Swing Bridge and Bascule Bridge.Types of bridges.Name commen diddlysquatyDesignDrawbridge.The brid ge pull down is hinged on one end.Drawbridge..jpgFigure 4 DrawbridgeBascule bridge.A lift bridge hinged on pins with a counter clog to facilitate raising.bascule bridge.jpgFigure 5 Bascule bridgeFolding bridge.A drawbridge with triple sections that collapse unneurotic horizontally.Folding bridge.jpgFigure 6 Folding BridgeCurling bridge.A drawbridge with multiple sections that curl vertically.Curling bridge.jpgFigure 7 Curling bridgeLift bridge.The bridge pull down is upraised up by counterweighted cables mounted on towers.Lift bridge.jpgFigure 8 Lift bridgeTable bridge.A lift bridge with the lifting utensil mounted underneath it.Table bridge.jpgFigure 9 Table bridgeretractable bridge (Thrust bridge).The bridge garnish is retracted to one side.Retractable bridge.jpgFigure 10 Retractable bridge (Thrust bridge) furled bridge.An unhinged drawbridge which is lifted by the rolling of a large gear separate along a horizontal constrict.Figure 11 ringlet bridgeSubmersible bridge. The bridge deck is cut downed down into the water.Submersible bridge 4.jpgFigure 12 Submersible bridgeTilt bridge.The bridge deck, which is curved, is lifted up at an angle.Tilt bridge.jpgFigure 13 Tilt bridgeSwing bridge.The bridge deck rotates around a fixed point, unremarkably at the centre, exclusively may resemble a gate in its operation.Swing bridge.jpgFigure 14 swing bridgeTransport bridge.A structure high above carries a suspended, ferry-like structure.Transporter bridge 1.jpgFigure 15 Transport bridgeJet bridge.A passenger bridge to an airplane. One end is mobile with height, yaw, and tilt adjustments on the outboard end.Adel serveJetBridgeS7386.jpgFigure 16 Jet bridgeBascule Bridge.Bascule bridge ar the most favourite of opening bridges, the main part of bascule bridges is the counterweight, which is normaled to be crash counterweight or counterweight below the deck as shown in effigy 17 and 18. Counterweight is continuously balance the switch ( bilk)This word fo rm of bridge is to balance the bridges that rotate around the horizontal bloc at right angle to its longitudinal centerline. Bascule severely implements to these kind that lie of a single moving element, which turns about the horizontal line virtually to its centre of gravity in order that the weight on one side that rotate on an axis mostly balance the weight on the other side, however the balance usually non precise.The doing of the bascule bridge mostly is up and down, when it moves keeping the bridge closed, its called as get across heavy, or if its moving to keep the bridge to open its called counterweight heavy. Bascule Bridge basis possibly be a single or stunt woman leaf that moves up and down to allow sea traffic to pass through..29.pngFigure 17 single bascule bridge with overhead counterweightFigure 18 single bascule bridge with counterweight below the deck wayDouble leaf Bascule Bridge.It comprises of two leaves pointed oppo land site each(prenominal) other and connected together at their ends where they attach over the navigation channel as shown in find19. The distinction between the single and double is the double leaf has advantages as hobbyIts higher above the water level with the said(prenominal) span.Rapidly openingLarge navigation headway while its closed. abide less wind validateance.Require small counterweight.Require small machinery.The separate is that the double bascule bridge requires two times as much of every part.Untitled.pngFigure 19 Double bascule bridge with counterweight below the deck routeM each types of bascule bridges have m some(prenominal) failures, where as the Rolling lift type Scherzer type invention solved these problems with distinct advantagesAs it rotates it pulls itself out of the way of navigation. picture more clearance to ships comp bed with other types from the aforementioned(prenominal) class.It does not have to open at wider angel as the other type of bridges to give a clear way for the shi ps.Rolling bascule Lift Bridge has one disadvantage such as it does not pivot about a hinge point, instead utilizing a rack and shaft apparatus to maintain the support and alignment.Figure 20 Fixed-trunnion Bascule designFigure 21 Rolling BasculeThe common type of design is called stops Bascule this structure of it is much better than the others where it is a fixed-trunnion bascule design, the bridge pivoted around a large axel when trunnion slopes upward, see figures 20, 21 and 22.rackpinion.gifFigure 22 Rack and quill pen mechanismsThe difference between Double-leaf Bascule Bridge and Swing Bridge.Double leaf bascule bridge with overhead counterweightAdvantagesDisadvantagesIt works as a cantilever for two(prenominal) dead/live load and its simply supported for live load.Overhead-counterweight is expose to malicious mischief and perhaps blocks aspect of view.The mechanisms can be a forfended from the bad weathering and essays of vandalism by place them underneath the pass deck.2. The power necessitate from the machinery to move the span is proportional to the max wind speed over large field of study of deck. abide great opening and closing comp atomic number 18d with swing beiges.Provide clearance to small boasts without fully opening.Swing bridgeAdvantagesDisadvantagesThe power demand from machinery to move the span is not great as for bascule bridgeIts necessitate more time for opening and closing compared with Bascule Bridge.The machinery is under the deck but part of them dipped into the water.Long pier essential to foster the span and this block the scene of the view.Does not require building coffer for piers and substructure construction and protection.The old Bascule Bridge of Whtiby.The earlier bridge was Bascule Bridge constructed before cash in ones chips the existing swing bridge in the heart of Whitby. The bridge was manually operated before replacing it by hydraulic operated swing bridge. Therefore, proposing to build overbold modern bascule bridge can bring back Whitbys historical inheritance and remember the local people to their storey.Improving or Replacing the Swing Bridge.General.As a result from the current condition of the swing bridge must(prenominal) be maintained by 60,000 annually. On the other hand after few years it might to be bundle maintenance with high cost. Therefore to construct modern bridge with good specifications drug abuse be maintained at least for the first decades. Basically its competent to construct sore bridge that might cost around 350,000 cardinal instead of using it for maintenance on the current swing bridge. The modern design exit avoid all the environmental effects, high cost of maintenance, and traffic congestion within the bridge and greatly reduce the put on the line exposed to pedestrians.Therefore, it is highly recommended that the Whitby should have a refreshful bridge quite than spending money on providing maintenance to the swing bridge.The Viable Solution.The operable solution, whichever to improve or knock back the Swing Bridge has been decided to switch over it with new bascule bridge in the alike jam. The new bascule bridge result be apply just by pedestrians and freight cars due to the knowledge domain surrounding the current swing bridge it lead be pedestrianized rear to New Development.As for the traffic, new bascule bridge pass on be constructed in the upper reserve zone from New Quay driveway to Church passageway Car Park, refer to New Crossing. It forget be employ by traffic and pedestrians in order to reduce the traffic congestion and risk/risk exposure to pedestrians.The good advantages of this practicable solution areThe new bascule bridge between the Church driveway and New Quay Road will be constructed first and use the current Swing bridge as temporary bridge in order to reduce the cost of the construction.When construction is ruined the current swing bridge will be replace with new bascule bridge which is just for pedestrians, and bring back old memories of first bascule bridge.When the construction of new pedestrians Bascule Bridge will be finished, so the phaeton and local in peak season they will be headspring-heeled to walk along the bridge without whatsoever congestion, no fear from traffic and esteem the scene of the give suck zone centre.Proposed place of new bridge.General.The holes are all-important(a) to verify the reason of chosen bridge type, as well as proposing muddles are useful to subscribe the appropriate position for the bridge. The location should be bonny to match with other locations and suggestion of New Developments. Therefore, it should be easy to access and satisfy the users.All locations that will be proposed must not ruin other places andNew Quay road to Church Street via Bridge Street.This proposal shows where the new pedestrians bascule bridge will be constructed which is in the same location of current swing bridge. When the n ew bascule bridge will be used by pedestrians the narrow road on two side will sufficient for them and enjoy the scene the Harbour zone, there wont be any demolishing required, no affect to ships owners and their position and the old swing bridge can be placed in museum as memorial, as shown in figures 23 and 24.Figure 23 new pedestrians Bascu7le BridgeUntitled.jpgFigure 24 new pedestrians Bascule BridgeNew Quay Road to Church Street.New bascule bridge for traffic and pedestrians, Refer to New crossing. prettify design of new pedestrians Bascule Bridge.The deck design of the bridge will be formulated to fit the maximum possible amount of pedestrians without any risk. In order to consent with the arctic of the pedestrians the dimensions as the followingThe comprehensive width of the deck is 6m.The total length of the deck will be the same as the total length of the bridge which is 43m as shown in figure 25.The overall oppressiveness of the deck from the centre is 200mm and it de scends to 190mm to both side ends of the bridge. This cutpurse counted for the drainage system.Concrete slab thickness is 0.15 meter.Historical brick thickness 0.05 meter. See figure 26.Handrails will be in the same dimensions for both sides. The recommended hooey that can be used for the Handrails is aluminum alloy which is can resist the corrosion from chloride spread from the air.Street lights will be installed on the bridge to enjoy the view during iniquity time.The deck pavement will be brick top the layer of the concrete to match with surrounding building and protect the history of the town. As well as for the piers.The corporal that will be used for the deck is composite concrete, this type will be used because it takes time to reach the certain rigidity in order to poise deck can serve as bracing for all horizontal forces.The beams that will be used to clear the load of the deck are I-beams the design contains two beams parallel to each other along the length of the de ck.The stovepipe steel beams type can be used that can resist the corrosion is galvanized steels beams and also can be painted to stay it from uncover to chloride attack.Figure 25. Front elevationFigure 26. Section of deck and pierGeneral assumption calculation for the pedestrians bascule bridge attached with next sheet.New crossingProposed location of new bridgeGeneralThe locations are important to verify reason of chosen bridge, as well as proposing locations are useful to choose the appropriate position for the bridge. The location should be reasonable to match with other locations. Therefore, it should easy to access, comfortable sizing and satisfy the users.From the viable solution of swing bridge that will be pedestrianized and the area around. So new crossing must be provide to solve the liaison of traffic, its have been decided that new bascule bridge will be constructed for both traffic and pedestrians as a part of the viable solution. The best location of the bridge ha s been decided to be build between New Quay road and Church Street.New Quay Road to Church StreetThis proposal illustrates the location of the bascule bridge that will be constructed almost parallel to the swing bridge. This location has good advantages due to non narrow road, there is no demolishing required except on the river banks where the bridge is connected to the both sides. Having look at to the site, on the side of New Quay Road the pedestrians pathway has adequate quadruplet can be widen in order to construct the two lane new bascule bridge, in the other side the traffic and pedestrians can easily get access to Church Street throughout car park, the main advantages of these two sides areIts easy to construct.No demolishing required to any houses, historical building or shops.Wont affect any boats, ships parkingWont have any objection from locals, or vas owners.Figure shown traffic from New Quay Road to Church Street be design of new traffic and pedestrians Bascule Bridg e.The deck will be intentional for pedestrian and traffic, this design should accommodate both of them without having any traffic congestion and avoid pedestrian from risk. Therefore, the design must comply for both of them. The dimensions will be as following13 meters overall width.4 meters wide for each lane.2.5 meters wide for pedestrians pathway for each side.0.29 meter total thickness from the center of the deck sloping down to 0.28 meter to the ends parallel to pathways. This allows water to drift sideways to drainage system.Concrete slab thickness is 0.15 meters.Two layers of tar thickness are 0.12 meters.0.02 meter bitumen thickness will be top the concrete deck.Handrails will be designThe Handrails design will be on both sides to prevent pedestrians to step out on the road. Therefore, the put on the line will be greatly reduced for pedestrians. The perfect design of Handrails should comply with the decr calm down of risk. So the design of handrails on the side next to th e road will be 500mm height concrete barrier and 500mm handrails above the concrete.As for the material used, composite concrete will be used in the deck because before the concrete reaches certain rigidity, steel deck is needed to serve as bracing for all horizontal forces.The best of handrails material its recommended to use galvanized steel handrails.The assumption calculation procedure for the new crossing is the same as new pedestrians bridge but the structural dimension will be different depending on the load because it has different material such as Asphalt, bitumen and concrete etcAbutment for both bascule bridges.The abutment is the structure that conveys the load from deck to the pile cap. Thus, the size of the abutment is 3m-3m on the top part, and 2-2 on the lower part, as shown in figureCofferdam Construction for both bascule bridges. onward construction the foundation, essentially required a cofferdam to be constructed to prevent the water from entering into foundation construction area. Sheet of steel plates that are joined together is commonly used type due to ease of penetration and pull out of the ground.Therefore after construction of the cofferdam the water need to be pumped out.Construction of counterweight for both bascule bridges.The counterweight duty is to balance the closing and opening of the bridge which are called counterweight heavy and heavy span or held on position , the design of counterweight usually 1.5 1.7 times of the overall weight of the deck. Its recommended to choose 1.6 to provide appropriate counterweight for opening and closing.The recommended type of counterweight mechanism is Rack and pinion rather than using hydraulic pistons system. The Rack and pinion is more economic and easy to maintain comparing with hydraulic pistons system. slowness of counterweight weight of Pedestrians Bridge.Total load of the deck - 1.6 = 0Therefore 1856 - 1.6 = 297 KN.Calculation of counterweight weight of traffic and pedestrians Bascu le Bridge will be the same as above.Foundations and geology for both bascule bridgesIn accordance with boreholes data, the following boreholes 22, 26 and 113 around the area of Swing bridge location are representing different characteristics.The education of borehole 22 shows the followingThe depth from the surface up to 4.90 meters, the dent consists of made ground. scratch line from 4.90 meters down to 15.00 meters deep, the soil composed of alluvium.The made ground and alluvium soil layers contains of coarse gravel, Sandy silty, Sandy clay, alluvial sediment soil, these types of soils have different status and properties such as the unit weight, void ratio, low shear strength and high ability to be compacted/condensed.The information of Borehole 113 illustrates the following.Starting from surface down to 2.45 meters deep, the soil composed of alluvium.From 2.45 meters down to 12.20 meters deep, the soil is mainly sand and gravel.From 12.20 meters, countdown to depth of 3.80 me ters, the soil made up of alluvium.Starting from 3.80 meters depth layer of alluvium to depth of 16.85 meters, the soil consists of sandstone and glacial.The information of borehole 26 has the same characteristics, properties and condition of borehole 22 and 113.Footing.Based on the soil condition and the deck load the appropriate recommended size of footing of the pedestrians bascule bridge dimensions will be 3m - 3m width and length.PilesRecommended type that can be used is steel tubular lashings.SpecificationSteel tubular dozens (rounded loads).Closed-ended, this means that the toe of the pile is welded with a piece of steel plate, and poured into it with concrete in order to strike the concrete with hummer.Stiffeners can be installed within the piles to enlarge buckling and bending resistance.The propose from using this type because it has common use in marina structure nowadays.Therefore the number of piles to be constructed for pedestrians Bascule Bridge as followingFour pi les for each pier.The diameter of each pile is 400mm.As for the new crossing bridgeThe footing size and number of piles to be constructed will be different than the pedestrians bridge because the new crossing has two lanes, different deck dimensions and two piers next to each other as shown in figure..Method statement creationThis method statement illustrates how all activities or peculiar(prenominal) duties will be carried out. It shows the possible hazard connected with specific works and how to control it, in order to manage the work safely.Scope of worksThis document act toward with the constructions of three bridges over the river Esk of Whitby. The first bridge is new bascule bridge for pedestrians will be located in the same location of the existing Swing bridge, second bridge is the another new bascule bridge for both traffic and pedestrians will be located on the upper Harbour zone, and the third is to construct new Arch bridge will be situated in the same place of the hig h level bridge.wellness and safety welfare and facilitiesImpermanent welfare facilities will be provided by the contractor or sub-contractor which will be accepted by the both. offbeat facilities should satisfy all staff which will include canteens, toilets etc. assailable qualified personnel and a suitable number of first aid kits should be available during work period. All staff must bear implement working rules, wearing personal protective equipment that will protect them against all different risks such as safety jackets, helmets, gloves, eye protection, position and good quality clothes that can clearly seen etc.General Approach.The construction preparation of the three new bridges will accept activities on the site for new development. The construction of the bridges will be in sensitive places which are important connection between two sides of Whitby in the centre of the Harbour zone. The majority of people and traffic need to move along to get on the other side and its remarkable especially in the peak season for tourists to enjoy the scene of the Harbour zone and traffic crossing Whitby coming from Tess to Scarborough. Therefore, the construction should be finished in short time. Hence the work duration for both bascule bridges will be as followingWeekdays, 700 1900.Weekends, 900 1300.Irregular works at night if its required.As for the new Arch bridge will be two shits per day as followingFirst shiftWeekdays, 700 1400.second shift, 1400 2100Weekends.Saturday will be at the same time as weekdays.Sunday, one shift from 700 to 1400.Prefabrication of bridge will be carried out off-site if needed.Construction activities on the new two Bascule Bridges will include.Site set up, including offices, operate and facilities. Container offices are the economics and debauched to build or remove.container_staircase_construction_office_02.jpgFigure 25 Containers officesConstruction of piles support abutments of the bridge for both leafs.yourfile.jpground -pile-caps.jpgFigure 26 Steel tubular piles Figure 27 pile capsConstruction of footing and piers for the bridge.Namibia_Caprivi_ZambeziBridge_Construction-Pier_1.jpgFigure 28 bridge piersConstruction of impermanent fencing and entry gates, provisional kerfuffle and dust reduction devices around the site compounds.gates.jpguntitled.JPGFigure 29 doorway gates Figure 30 fencesbnb.jpgccccc.jpgFigure 31 Permenant niose reduction Figure 32 Dust reduction devicesConstruction of impermanent environmental falsifying works, along with stormwater management and cars, vans, heavy machineries and trucks wheel washer.5369_ss100_Round2.JPGwheelwashbig2.jpgFigure 33 environmental protections Figure 34 Wheel washersConstruction of cofferdams, the appropriate types for rivers is sheet piles due to its their ability of penetration to many different types of ground, water penny-pinching given by its interlocking sections.cc.bmpFigure 35 CofferdamsProvide special machineries for river bed cleaning, and disposal all the rubbish to unauthorized areas or use it for filling.untitledb.bmpclean.jpgFigure 36 Excavator for river cleaning Figure 37 dollar bill shale for river cleaningProvide pile drive machinery for piles installations.pile-driver-image1.gifFigure 38 Pile drive machinesConstructions of temporary structures and footing demanded for the launch of the bridge for both sides if required. Activity includes preparation of hardstand areas for stretch out access and a long steel structure for the fabrications and set up of the bridge. adaptting up and testing of establishing equipments. meet lights should be installed in right places that will be used during night works.trip_kashaf.jpgFigure 39 site lightsProvide appropriate cranes that can carry all parts of the bridge and arrange locations for standing whether if it on every sides or using hoy crane.crane_page4.jpgBargeCrane.jpgFigure 40 heavy crane Figure 41river heavy craneInstallation of security guards to separate the s ite construction from live roads such as NJ-barriers or fences or others.P145-01.jpguntitled.bmpFigure 42 NJ-barriers Figure 43 conesSite survey of the area designed for the passage and location of the cranes to be having a part in the setting of the bridge.Rearrangement or construction of protection works of existing services probably to be affected by the setting operations.Removing the Swing Bridge.Set up the method to remove it with any damages to the swing bridge.Provide cranes for uplift each span whether from sides of the bridge or by barge carne.Demolishing the foundation and recycled if its in proper condition or use it for land filling.All staff must have an experience about removing heavy structure to ensure that the bridge will be in the same condition after removing.Provide trucks or ships that can carry the weight of each span.Clean/wash the spans and all parts from any impurities that can affect the environment.Construction works during weekends for the launching of t he bridges.Working together with energy company staff respecting power failure and other safety routines.Formal approval that the lanes, paths, roads surrounding area of launching to be closed for the weekends and first night for people safety and avoid any vandalism actions.Installation of floodlights and other possibility measures determined by the risk analysis.Setting operation.Installation of the bridge on its permanent bearing.Construction time period.The duration of the project depends on the obtainability of tracks to accomplish the removing and construction of the bridge.Removing of Swing Bridge depends on the plan, equipments and labours. Construction of foundation and piers can be fulfilled in normal times.The construction of the bridge will be divided into different stagesStage 1Consists of construction of the pile installation, footing, piers, impermanent structure and prefabrication of the bridge and precast elements if it will be provided.Stage 2Launching of the new b ascule bridge, which wont to take long time.Stage 3Two day plan to check bridge deck